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Anatomy > Ch Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Ch Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Osteology

A
  • Study of bone structure and bone disorder
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2
Q

Tissues working together in bones

A
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Dense Connective Tissue
  • Epithelium
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Blood
  • Nervous Tissue
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3
Q

Bone Function

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Assist in Movement
  4. Mineral Storage and Release
  5. Blood Cell Production
  6. Triglyceride Storage (Yellow Bone Marrow)
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4
Q

Bone Function: Support - Structural Framework

A
  • Soft tissues
  • Serves as attachment points for tendons and most muscles
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5
Q

Bone function: Protection

A
  • Most important internal organs from injuries
  • Cranial bones, vertebrae, rib cage
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6
Q

Bone function: Assist in movement

A
  • Most skeletal muscles attach to bone
  • when they contract, they pull bone to make movement
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7
Q

Bone Function: Mineral Storage and Release

A
  • Bone tissue makes up 18% of weight of human body
  • Stores several minerals (Calcium and phosphorus) - Strength of bone
  • Releases on demand
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8
Q

Bone function: Blood Cell Production

A
  • Red bone marrow - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Hemopoiesis - blood making)
  • Fetus - in developing bones
  • Adults - in Pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, humerus, femur
  • Newborn (All red marrow)
  • Adults (red and yellow)
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9
Q

Bone function: Triglyceride Storage

A
  • Yellow bone marrow
  • Adipose cells store triglycerides
  • Stored triglycerides: Potential energy reserve
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10
Q

Gross bone shapes

A
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
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11
Q

Organization of Bone Tissue: 2 types

A
  • Compact (Cortical/dense)
  • Spongy (Trabecular/cancellous)
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12
Q

Bone tissue: Compact (Cortical/dense)

A
  • external layer of ALL bones
  • Parallel arrangement of osteons
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13
Q

Compact tissue: Osteons

A
  • Central Osteonic Canal
  • Organized lamellae
  • Lacuna
  • Canaliculi
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14
Q

Bone tissue: Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous)

A
  • Forms interior of some bones
  • Lattice network of trabeculae
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15
Q

Spongy : Lattice network of trabeculae

A
  1. Unorganized lamellae
  2. Lacuna
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16
Q

Micro structure of compact bone

A
  • Lamellae
  • Osteonic canal
  • Lacuna(e)
  • Canaliculi
17
Q

compact bone: Lamellae

A
  • Concentric
  • Interstitial
  • Circumferential
18
Q

Gross anatomy of a (long) bone

A
  • External stucture
  • Diaphysis
  • Metaphysis
  • Epiphyses
19
Q

Long bone anatomy: Epiphyses

A
  • Epiphyseal plate
  • Epiphyseal line
20
Q

Gross anatomy of a long bone: External coverings

A
  • Compact bone
  • Periosteum
  • Articular cartilage
21
Q

Gross anatomy of a Long Bone: Internal structure

A
  • Spongy bone
  • Medullary cavity
  • Endosteum
22
Q

Blood and nerve supply of bone

A
  • Periosteal arteries
  • Nutrient foramen
  • Metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries
23
Q

Periosteal arteries

A
  • Periosteal nerve supply
24
Q

Nutrient foramen

A
  • Nutrient artery
25
Q

Dynamic bones: Typess

A
  1. Initial bone formation (Ossification/Osteogenesis)
  2. Bone growth
  3. Mature bone
26
Q

Dynamic bones: Initial bone formation

A
  • Ossification/Osteogenesis
    1. Prenatal
    2. Intramembranous formation
    3. Endochondral formation
    4. Bone formation continues as bone growth occure
27
Q

Dynamic bones: Bone growth

A
  1. Childhood and adolescence
  2. Increases in Length
  3. Increase in width (Diameter)
28
Q

Dynamic bones: Mature bone

A
  1. Adulthood
  2. Remodeling
  3. Variable rate
29
Q

Bone growth: Zones - Growth in length

A
  • Interstitial, endogenous
  • Zones within the Physis (Cartilage > bone)
  • Old chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts… adding to DIAPHYSIS
30
Q

Bone growth: Width

A
  • addition of more extracellular matrix to the periphery
  • Appositional, exogenous
31
Q

Remodeling of Bone

A
  • Bone is DYNAMIC
  • Influences
  • Remodeling phases
  • After injury
32
Q

Remodeling of Bone: Bone is dynamic

A
  • Constantly in a process of remodeling
33
Q

Remodeling of bone: Influences

A
  • Hormones
  • Blood Calcium levels
34
Q

Remodeling of Bone: Remodeling phases

A
  • Bone resorption
  • Reversal
  • Bone deposition
35
Q

Remodeling of bone: After Injury

A
  • Reactive
  • Repair
  • Remodel
36
Q
A

Anatomy (17 decks)

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