Ch Bone Tissue Flashcards
Osteology
- Study of bone structure and bone disorder
Tissues working together in bones
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Dense Connective Tissue
- Epithelium
- Adipose Tissue
- Blood
- Nervous Tissue
Bone Function
- Support
- Protection
- Assist in Movement
- Mineral Storage and Release
- Blood Cell Production
- Triglyceride Storage (Yellow Bone Marrow)
Bone Function: Support - Structural Framework
- Soft tissues
- Serves as attachment points for tendons and most muscles
Bone function: Protection
- Most important internal organs from injuries
- Cranial bones, vertebrae, rib cage
Bone function: Assist in movement
- Most skeletal muscles attach to bone
- when they contract, they pull bone to make movement
Bone Function: Mineral Storage and Release
- Bone tissue makes up 18% of weight of human body
- Stores several minerals (Calcium and phosphorus) - Strength of bone
- Releases on demand
Bone function: Blood Cell Production
- Red bone marrow - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Hemopoiesis - blood making)
- Fetus - in developing bones
- Adults - in Pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, humerus, femur
- Newborn (All red marrow)
- Adults (red and yellow)
Bone function: Triglyceride Storage
- Yellow bone marrow
- Adipose cells store triglycerides
- Stored triglycerides: Potential energy reserve
Gross bone shapes
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Sesamoid bones
Organization of Bone Tissue: 2 types
- Compact (Cortical/dense)
- Spongy (Trabecular/cancellous)
Bone tissue: Compact (Cortical/dense)
- external layer of ALL bones
- Parallel arrangement of osteons
Compact tissue: Osteons
- Central Osteonic Canal
- Organized lamellae
- Lacuna
- Canaliculi
Bone tissue: Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous)
- Forms interior of some bones
- Lattice network of trabeculae
Spongy : Lattice network of trabeculae
- Unorganized lamellae
- Lacuna
Micro structure of compact bone
- Lamellae
- Osteonic canal
- Lacuna(e)
- Canaliculi
compact bone: Lamellae
- Concentric
- Interstitial
- Circumferential
Gross anatomy of a (long) bone
- External stucture
- Diaphysis
- Metaphysis
- Epiphyses
Long bone anatomy: Epiphyses
- Epiphyseal plate
- Epiphyseal line
Gross anatomy of a long bone: External coverings
- Compact bone
- Periosteum
- Articular cartilage
Gross anatomy of a Long Bone: Internal structure
- Spongy bone
- Medullary cavity
- Endosteum
Blood and nerve supply of bone
- Periosteal arteries
- Nutrient foramen
- Metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries
Periosteal arteries
- Periosteal nerve supply
Nutrient foramen
- Nutrient artery
Dynamic bones: Typess
- Initial bone formation (Ossification/Osteogenesis)
- Bone growth
- Mature bone
Dynamic bones: Initial bone formation
- Ossification/Osteogenesis
1. Prenatal
2. Intramembranous formation
3. Endochondral formation
4. Bone formation continues as bone growth occure
Dynamic bones: Bone growth
- Childhood and adolescence
- Increases in Length
- Increase in width (Diameter)
Dynamic bones: Mature bone
- Adulthood
- Remodeling
- Variable rate
Bone growth: Zones - Growth in length
- Interstitial, endogenous
- Zones within the Physis (Cartilage > bone)
- Old chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts… adding to DIAPHYSIS
Bone growth: Width
- addition of more extracellular matrix to the periphery
- Appositional, exogenous
Remodeling of Bone
- Bone is DYNAMIC
- Influences
- Remodeling phases
- After injury
Remodeling of Bone: Bone is dynamic
- Constantly in a process of remodeling
Remodeling of bone: Influences
- Hormones
- Blood Calcium levels
Remodeling of Bone: Remodeling phases
- Bone resorption
- Reversal
- Bone deposition
Remodeling of bone: After Injury
- Reactive
- Repair
- Remodel
