Ch Bone Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Osteology
A
- Study of bone structure and bone disorder
2
Q
Tissues working together in bones
A
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Dense Connective Tissue
- Epithelium
- Adipose Tissue
- Blood
- Nervous Tissue
3
Q
Bone Function
A
- Support
- Protection
- Assist in Movement
- Mineral Storage and Release
- Blood Cell Production
- Triglyceride Storage (Yellow Bone Marrow)
4
Q
Bone Function: Support - Structural Framework
A
- Soft tissues
- Serves as attachment points for tendons and most muscles
5
Q
Bone function: Protection
A
- Most important internal organs from injuries
- Cranial bones, vertebrae, rib cage
6
Q
Bone function: Assist in movement
A
- Most skeletal muscles attach to bone
- when they contract, they pull bone to make movement
7
Q
Bone Function: Mineral Storage and Release
A
- Bone tissue makes up 18% of weight of human body
- Stores several minerals (Calcium and phosphorus) - Strength of bone
- Releases on demand
8
Q
Bone function: Blood Cell Production
A
- Red bone marrow - RBCs, WBCs, Platelets (Hemopoiesis - blood making)
- Fetus - in developing bones
- Adults - in Pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, humerus, femur
- Newborn (All red marrow)
- Adults (red and yellow)
9
Q
Bone function: Triglyceride Storage
A
- Yellow bone marrow
- Adipose cells store triglycerides
- Stored triglycerides: Potential energy reserve
10
Q
Gross bone shapes
A
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Sesamoid bones
11
Q
Organization of Bone Tissue: 2 types
A
- Compact (Cortical/dense)
- Spongy (Trabecular/cancellous)
12
Q
Bone tissue: Compact (Cortical/dense)
A
- external layer of ALL bones
- Parallel arrangement of osteons
13
Q
Compact tissue: Osteons
A
- Central Osteonic Canal
- Organized lamellae
- Lacuna
- Canaliculi
14
Q
Bone tissue: Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous)
A
- Forms interior of some bones
- Lattice network of trabeculae
15
Q
Spongy : Lattice network of trabeculae
A
- Unorganized lamellae
- Lacuna
16
Q
Micro structure of compact bone
A
- Lamellae
- Osteonic canal
- Lacuna(e)
- Canaliculi
17
Q
compact bone: Lamellae
A
- Concentric
- Interstitial
- Circumferential
18
Q
Gross anatomy of a (long) bone
A
- External stucture
- Diaphysis
- Metaphysis
- Epiphyses
19
Q
Long bone anatomy: Epiphyses
A
- Epiphyseal plate
- Epiphyseal line
20
Q
Gross anatomy of a long bone: External coverings
A
- Compact bone
- Periosteum
- Articular cartilage
21
Q
Gross anatomy of a Long Bone: Internal structure
A
- Spongy bone
- Medullary cavity
- Endosteum
22
Q
Blood and nerve supply of bone
A
- Periosteal arteries
- Nutrient foramen
- Metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries
23
Q
Periosteal arteries
A
- Periosteal nerve supply
24
Q
Nutrient foramen
A
- Nutrient artery
25
Dynamic bones: Typess
1. Initial bone formation (Ossification/Osteogenesis)
2. Bone growth
3. Mature bone
26
Dynamic bones: Initial bone formation
- Ossification/Osteogenesis
1. Prenatal
2. Intramembranous formation
3. Endochondral formation
4. Bone formation continues as bone growth occure
27
Dynamic bones: Bone growth
1. Childhood and adolescence
2. Increases in Length
3. Increase in width (Diameter)
28
Dynamic bones: Mature bone
1. Adulthood
2. Remodeling
3. Variable rate
29
Bone growth: Zones - Growth in length
- Interstitial, endogenous
- Zones within the Physis (Cartilage > bone)
- Old chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts... adding to DIAPHYSIS
30
Bone growth: Width
- addition of more extracellular matrix to the periphery
- Appositional, exogenous
31
Remodeling of Bone
- Bone is DYNAMIC
- Influences
- Remodeling phases
- After injury
32
Remodeling of Bone: Bone is dynamic
- Constantly in a process of remodeling
33
Remodeling of bone: Influences
- Hormones
- Blood Calcium levels
34
Remodeling of Bone: Remodeling phases
- Bone resorption
- Reversal
- Bone deposition
35
Remodeling of bone: After Injury
- Reactive
- Repair
- Remodel
36
