Ch 1: 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems

Question 1

Six levels of organization

Answer 1

1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. System level
6. Organismal level

Question 2

Tissue level is made up of

Answer 2

Tissues

Question 3

Tissues are

Answer 3

groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

Question 4

4 basic types of tissues in the body

Answer 4

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscular tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 5

Epithelial tissue

Answer 5

• Covers body surfaces
• Lines hollow organs and cavities
• Forms glands

Question 6

Connective tissue

Answer 6

• Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues

Question 7

Muscular tissue

Answer 7

• Contracts (shortens) to make body parts move
• Generates heat in contraction

Question 8

Nervous tissue

Answer 8

• Carries information from one part of the body to another

Question 9

Organ level

Answer 9

Different types of tissues are joined together

Question 10

Organs are

Answer 10

The structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues
- Have specific functions and usually recognizable shapes

Question 11

Ex. of Tissues in stomach

Answer 11

• Outer covering is a layer of epithelial and connective tissues; reduces friction when the stomach moves against other organs
• Middle layer is a type of muscular tissue (smooth muscle) that contracts to churn and mix food and push it out to the next digestive organ
• Innermost layer is epithelial tissue and produces fluid and chemicals responsible for digestion in the stomach

Question 12

System

Answer 12

Consists of related organs with a common function
ex. Digestive system

Question 13

Organs may be apart of

Answer 13

two or more systems

Question 14

Organism

Answer 14

Any living indivudual

Question 15

Which level of structural organization is composed of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

Answer 15

• Organs

Question 16

Eleven systems of the Human Body

Answer 16

1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Cardiovascular
5. Lymphatic
6. Nervous
7. Endocrine
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive

Question 17

Integumentary system: components

Answer 17

• Skin
• Hair
  -Fingernails
• Toenails
  -Sweat Glands
• Oil glands
• Subcutaneous tissue

Question 18

Integumentary system: functions

Answer 18

• Protects the body
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Eliminates some wastes
• Helps make Vitamin D
• Detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold
• Stores fat
• Provides insulation

Question 19

Skeletal System:
Components

Answer 19

• Bones
• Joints
• Cartilages

Question 20

Skeletal system: Functions

Answer 20

• Supports and protects the body
• Provides a surface area for muscle attachments
• Aids body movements
• Houses cells that produce blood cells
• Stores minerals and lipids (fats)

Question 21

Muscular system: Components

Answer 21

• Specifically refers to Skeletal muscle tissue (Muscle usually attached to bones)
• Other muscle tissues include smooth and cardiac

Question 22

Muscular system: Functions

Answer 22

• Participates in bringing about body movements, such as walking
• Maintains posture
• Major source of heat production

Question 23

Cardiovascular system: components

Answer 23

• Blood
• Heart
• Blood vessels

Question 24

Cardiovascular system: Functions

Answer 24

• Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
• Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells
• helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids
• Blood components help defend against disease and repaire damaged blood vessels

Question 25

Lymphatic (lymphoid) system and Immunity: Components

Answer 25

- Lymphatic fluid (lymph plasma) - Lymphatic vessels -Spleen - Thymus - Lymph nodes - Tonsils - Cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, etc.)

Question 26

Lymphatic system and immunity: Functions

Answer 26

- Returns proteins and fluid to blood - Carries lipids from digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) to blood - Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

Question 27

Nervous system: Components

Answer 27

- Brain - Spinal cord - Nerves - Special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears

Question 28

Nervous system: Functions

Answer 28

- Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities - Detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Question 29

Endocrine system: Components

Answer 29

- Hormone-producing glands (Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid glands, suprarenal (adrenal) glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) - Other hormone-producing cells in several other organs

Question 30

Endocrine system: Functions

Answer 30

- Regulate body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers that are transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

Question 31

Respiratory system: Components

Answer 31

- Lungs and air passageways such as the Pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes within the lungs

Question 32

Respiratory system: Functions

Answer 32

- Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air - Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluid - Produces sound (voice) as outgoing ait vibrates the vocal cords

Question 33

Digestive system: Components

Answer 33

- Organs of digestive canal (gastrointestinal tract) - a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus - Also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 34

Digestive system: Function

Answer 34

- Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food - Absorbs nutrients - Eliminates solid wastes

Question 35

Urinary system: Components

Answer 35

- Kidneys - Ureters - Urinary bladder - Urethra

Question 36

Urinary system: Function

Answer 36

- Produces, stores, and eliminates urine - Eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood - Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids - Maintains body's mineral balance - Helps regulate production of red blood cells

Question 37

Genital (reproductive) systems: Components

Answer 37

- Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) - Associated organs such as the uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and clitoris in females and epididymides, seminal glands, prostate, ductus deferenses, and penis in males)

Question 38

Genital (reproductive) system: Function

Answer 38

- Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism - Gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes - Associated organs transport and store gametes - Mammary glands produce milk