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Classical Conversations Sturgis Challenge > Ch. A Geography Terms > Flashcards

Ch. A Geography Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Altitude

A

the elevation of an object in relationship to a given plane, often sea level

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2
Q

Archipelago

A

a body of water interspersed with many isles

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3
Q

Arm

A

a long, narrow passage of water; a creek

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4
Q

Atoll

A

a ring-shaped coral reef, island or set of small islands nearly or completely surrounding a lagoon.

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5
Q

Basin

A

a hollow place for water; an enclosed part of water, forming a broad space within a strait or narrow entrance; a little bay

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6
Q

Bank

A

a steep slope of ground rising from a lake, a river, or the sea

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7
Q

Bluff

A

a high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting into the sea

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8
Q

Bayou

A

a soggy, swampy, slow-moving body of water, obstructed by vegetation

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9
Q

Bay

A

an arm of the sea, extending into the land, smaller than a gulf and larger than a creek

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10
Q

Beach

A

a shore of the sea or of a lake, washed by the tide and waves

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11
Q

Bog

A

soft, wet ground covered with grass or other plants, too soft to bear a man

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12
Q

Branch

A

a smaller stream running into a larger one or proceeding from it

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13
Q

Breakers

A

a rock that breaks the waves; a wave that breaks against a rock, a sand bank, or the shore, exhibiting a white foam

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14
Q

Brink

A

the edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice or the bank or a river

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15
Q

Canyon

A

a long, deep hollow with steep, rocky sides worn by a stream or torrent of water

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16
Q

Cape

A

a head land; the head, point, or termination of a neck of land, extending some distance into the sea beyond the common shore

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17
Q

Canal

A

an artificial cut or passage for water used for transportation

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18
Q

Brook

A

a small natural stream of water; a current flowing from a spring

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19
Q

Canal

A

an artificial cut or passage for water used for transportation

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20
Q

Canyon

A

a long, deep hollow with steep, rocky sides worn by a stream or torrent of water

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21
Q

Cape

A

a head land; the head, point, or termination of a neck of land, extending some distance into the sea beyond the common shore

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22
Q

Cave

A

a hollow place in the earth; a subterraneous cavern; a den; may be natural or artificial

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23
Q

Cavern

A

a deep, naturally hollow place in the earth, deeper than a cave

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24
Q

Channel

A

an arm of the sea; a straight or narrow sea between tow continents or between a continent and an isle

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25
Q

Chasm

A

a cleft or fissure in a rock or the earth’s surface caused by a disrupture

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26
Q

Cinder Cone

A

a cone-shaped hill of volcanic material surrounding an opening in the earth

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27
Q

Cliff

A

a high, steep almost vertical rock, usually on a coast

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28
Q

Coast

A

the edge or margin of the land next to the sea; the seashore

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29
Q

Continent

A

a great extent of land, not disjoined or interrupted by a sea

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30
Q

Continental Shelf

A

the edge of a continent that is submerged in water

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31
Q

Country

A

any tract of land or inhabited land; any region, as distinguished from other regions; a kingdom, state, or lesser district

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32
Q

Cove

A

a small inlet or bay; a recess in the sea shore

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33
Q

Crag

A

a steep, rugged rock; a rough, broken rock or point of a rock

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34
Q

Crater

A

the aperture or mouth of a volcano

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35
Q

Creek

A

a small inlet; a recess in the shore of the sea or of a river; a small stream

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36
Q

Cultivated Land

A

land prepared for crops

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37
Q

Current

A

a flowing or passing of water, a stream

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38
Q

Dale

A

a low place between hills, a vale or valley

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39
Q

Dam

A

a bank or mound of earth; any wall or a frame of wood raised to obstruct a current of water

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40
Q

Dell

A

a small vale with woods

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41
Q

Delta

A

an area of triangular shaped land located at the mouth of a main river from which distributaries flow

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42
Q

Desert

A

a vast sandy plain characterized by minimal precipitation and plant growth

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43
Q

Dike

A

a ditch; a mound of earth, stones, or other materials, intended to prevent low lands from being inundated by the sea or a river

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44
Q

Divide

A

a ridge that determines the direction water drains from adjacent water systems; a watershed

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45
Q

Downstream

A

the direction a river flows; flowing with the current

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46
Q

Drainage Basin

A

area drained by a river and its tributaries; a watershed

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47
Q

Dune

A

hill, mound, or ridge of sand formed by wind

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48
Q

Earth

A

the terraqueous globe that we inhabit

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49
Q

Elevation

A

elevated ground; a rising ground; a hill or mountain

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50
Q

Estuary

A

an arm of the sea; the mouth of a river or lake where the tide meets the current

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51
Q

Fall Line

A

the point where rivers descend rapidly due to a distinct decline in elevation

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52
Q

Field

A

a piece of land enclosed for tillage or pasture

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53
Q

Fjord

A

a long, narrow, deep valley formed by glacial erosion and flooded by ocean water

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54
Q

Forest

A

an extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees

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55
Q

Glacier

A

a field or an immense mass of ice formed in deep but elevated valleys, remaining frozen throughout the heat of summer

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56
Q

Glen

A

a valley; a dale; a depression or space between hills

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57
Q

Gorge

A

a narrow hollow with steep, rocky sides worn by a stream or torrent of water

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58
Q

Grove

A

a wood of small extent

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59
Q

Gulch

A

a small, narrow hollow with steep walls worn by a stream or torrent of water

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60
Q

Gulf

A

a recess in the ocean from the general line of the shore in to the land; a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea into the land between two points or promontories; a large bay

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61
Q

Harbor

A

a port or haven for ships; a large inlet of the sea where ships can moor

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62
Q

Headland

A

a cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting from the shore into the sea or other expanse of water

63
Q

Hill

A

a natural elevation of land; a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land

64
Q

Horizon

A

the line that terminates the view when extended on the surface of the earth

65
Q

Iceberg

A

a hill or mountain of ice; a vast body of ice accumulated in valleys in high northern latitudes

66
Q

Inlet

A

a bay or recess in the shore of the sea, a lake, or a large river; a narrow body of water between isles

67
Q

Irrigated Land

A

land watered by causing a stream to flow upon it and spread over it

68
Q

Island

A

a tract of land surrounded by water

69
Q

Isthmus

A

a neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are connected or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland

70
Q

Junction

A

the place or point of union

71
Q

Keys

A

a chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water; a cay

72
Q

Knob

A

a round hill or mount

73
Q

Knoll

A

the top or crown of a hill; a little round hill or mount; a small elevation of earth

74
Q

Lagoon

A

an enclosed or partially enclosed shallow body of salt water divided from the ocean by low sandy dunes or a coral reef

75
Q

Lake

A

a large and extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hollow of the earth

76
Q

Land

A

earth; the solid matter that constitutes the fixed part of the surface of the globe

77
Q

Latitude

A

the distance of any place on the globe, north or south of the equator

78
Q

Ledge

A

a ridge; a prominent row

79
Q

Left Bank

A

the slope of ground on the left-hand side of the river when facing downstream

80
Q

Levee

A

a bank or a causeway, particularly along a river to prevent inundation

81
Q

Locks

A

the barrier of a canal that confines the water and can be opened or shut at pleasure

82
Q

Longitude

A

the distance of any place on the globe from another place, eastward or westward, the distance of any place from a given meridian

83
Q

Marsh

A

a tract of low land, very wet and miry and overgrown with coarse grass

84
Q

Meadow

A

pasture or grassland annually mown for hay

85
Q

Mesa

A

a flat-topped mountain with steep walls

86
Q

Mine

A

a pit or excavation in the earth from which metallic ores, mineral substances, and other fossil bodies are taken by digging

87
Q

Moor

A

a tract of land overrun with heath; a marsh; a fen; ground covered with stagnant water

88
Q

Mountain

A

a large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land, but of no definite altitude

89
Q

Mountain Chain

A

a line of connected mountain ranges

90
Q

Mountain Range

A

a row of mountains

91
Q

Mouth

A

the opening or entrance of a cave, pit, well, or den

92
Q

Natural Resource

A

materials found in nature, such as land, forests, and minerals, that have economic value

93
Q

Oasis

A

small fertile area in a desert, irrigated by natural springs or other source of fresh water

94
Q

Ocean

A

the vast body of water that covers more than three-fifths of the surface of the globe, also called the sea

95
Q

Pass

A

a gap in a mountainous area suitable for passing through; a means of passage through a rugged terrain

96
Q

Pasture

A

ground covered with grass appropriated for the food of cattle

97
Q

Peak

A

the top of a hill or mountain, ending in a point

98
Q

Peninsula

A

a portion of land connected with a continent by a narrow neck or isthmus but nearly surrounded with water

99
Q

Piedmont

A

the bottom of a mountain

100
Q

Pier

A

a structure constructed perpendicular to the harbor for securing vessels and receiving goods unladen or to be shipped on board

101
Q

Plain

A

large area of flat land

102
Q

Plateau

A

flat section of land higher than the surrounding area

103
Q

Point

A

a small cape, headland, or promontory; a tract of land extending into the sea

104
Q

Pond

A

a body of stagnant water usually without an outlet, larger than a puddle and smaller than a lake

105
Q

Pool

A

a small collection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring and discharging its surplus water by an outlet, smaller than a lake

106
Q

Prairie

A

an extensive tract of land, mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered with tall, coarse grass

107
Q

Precipice

A

a steep fall or descent of land, perpendicular or nearly so

108
Q

Rapids

A

a fast-moving river current, caused by a moderate descent

109
Q

Reef

A

a chain or range of rocks, lying at or near the surface of the water

110
Q

Reservoir

A

a place where water is collected and kept for use when wanted

111
Q

Ridge

A

a long or continued range of hills or mountains; the upper part of such a range

112
Q

Right Bank

A

the slope of ground on the right-hand side of the river when facing downstream

113
Q

River

A

a large stream of water flowing in a channel on land toward the ocean, a lake, or another river, larger than a brook

114
Q

River Mouth

A

the part or channel of a river by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into a lake

115
Q

River Source

A

the beginning of a river; the headwaters

116
Q

Sandbar

A

narrow ridge of fine particles of stone created by the current or tide

117
Q

Savanna

A

an extensive open plain or meadow; a plain destitute of trees

118
Q

Sea

A

a large body of water nearly enclosed by land

119
Q

Sea Level

A

ocean surface level used as base for measuring elevation and sea depth; the average tide level

120
Q

Seaport

A

a harbor of the sea, accommodating seafaring vessels

121
Q

Shoal

A

a place where the water is shallow or of little depths; a sand bank or bar; a shallow

122
Q

Shore

A

the coast or land adjacent to the sea, a large lake, or a river

123
Q

Shoreline

A

the place where a body of water meets the land

124
Q

Slope

A

any ground whose surface forms an angle with the plane of the horizon

125
Q

Snowline

A

the altitudinal border above which a mountain is always covered in show

126
Q

Soil

A

the upper stratum of the earth; the compound substance that furnishes nutriment to plants or which is particularly adapted to support and nourish them

127
Q

Sound

A

a narrow passage of water; a strait between the mainland and an isle; a strait connecting two seas or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean

128
Q

Spit

A

a small point of land running into the sea; a long narrow shoal extending from the shore in to the sea

129
Q

Steppe

A

a prairie; a grassy plain characterized by a lack of trees and a shortage of rain

130
Q

Strait

A

a narrow pass or passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, between continents or other portions of land

131
Q

Stream

A

a current of water like a river, brook, or rivulet; a current of water in the ocean

132
Q

Summit

A

the highest point of a mountain

133
Q

Swamp

A

spongy land; low ground filled with water; soft, wet ground

134
Q

Tableland

A

a large, flat section of land higher than the surrounding area

135
Q

Terrace

A

a raised bank of earth with sloping lines

136
Q

Tide

A

the cyclical rise and fall of sea water, resulting from the gravitational attractive force between the earth and the moon

137
Q

Timber

A

wood that is proper for building or for the tools, utensils, furniture, ships, and the like

138
Q

Timberline

A

the altitudinal border above which trees do not grow

139
Q

Topography

A

the detailed description of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish, or tract of land

140
Q

Tributary

A

smaller streams or rivers flowing into a larger body of water

141
Q

Tundra

A

a vast treeless plain in the arctic region in which the ground is perpetually frozen

142
Q

Tunnel

A

a large subterraneous arch through a hill

143
Q

Upstream

A

against the current

144
Q

Vale

A

a tract of low ground or of land between hills, a valley

145
Q

Valley

A

a hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains

146
Q

Vegetation

A

the process of growing plants by means of nourishment derived from the earth or from water and air received through roots and leaves; vegetables or plants in general

147
Q

Volcano

A

an opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain from which smoke, flames, stones, lava, or other substances are ejected

148
Q

Waterfall

A

a fall or perpendicular descent of the water of a river or stream; a cascade, a cataract

149
Q

Watershed

A

an area that drains in to a river; the divide that leads streams of water in two opposite directions

150
Q

Waves

A

a moving swell or volume of water; usually, a swell raised and driven by wind

151
Q

Wharf

A

a perpendicular bank, mound, timber, or stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbor or extending some distance in to the water, for the convenience of lading and unlading ships and other vessels

152
Q

Whirlpool

A

an eddy of water; a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle

153
Q

Woods

A

a large, thick collection of trees, a forest

Classical Conversations Sturgis Challenge (5 decks)

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