Ch 9.3 Disorders of the Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
1
Q
common form of dementia; brain tissue has protein clumps and tangles
A
Alzheimer disease
2
Q
process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory
A
cognition
cognitive (adj)
Latin knowledge
3
Q
mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately
A
confus-ion
4
Q
cognit
A
thinking
5
Q
-ive
A
nature of, quality of, pertaining to
6
Q
confus
A
bewildered
7
Q
-ion
A
action, condition
8
Q
Having present knowledge of oneself and one’s surroundings
A
conscious
Latin to be aware
9
Q
not conscious; lacking awareness
A
un-concious
10
Q
un-
A
not
11
Q
conscious
A
aware
12
Q
-ness
A
quality, state
13
Q
acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation; condition is reversible
A
deliri-um
14
Q
-um
A
structure
15
Q
deliri
A
confusion, disorientation
16
Q
chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind’s cognitive and intellectual functions
A
de-ment-ia
17
Q
de-
A
without
18
Q
ment
A
mind
19
Q
-ia
A
condition
20
Q
ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions, and reactions of another person
A
em-pathy
21
Q
em-
A
into
22
Q
pathy
A
disease
23
Q
appreciation and concern for another person’s mental and emotional state
A
sym-pathy
24
Q
sym-
A
together
25
Alzheimer affects _% of the population over 65 and _% of the population over 85
10%; 50%
26
most common form of dementia
Alzheimer disease
27
second most common form of dementia
vascular dementia; can occur suddenly after a stroke
28
other causes of dementia
```
reactions to medications
metabolic abnormalities
nutritional deficiencies
emotional problems
infections
```
29
More than _% of people who have a TIA will have a stroke within three months
10%
30
AVM
arteriovenous malformation
31
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
32
TIA
transient ischemic attack
33
circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber
aneurysm
aneurysmal (adj)
Greek dilation
34
an abnormal communication between an artery and a vein
AVM- arteriovenous malformation
arteri/o-ven-ous
mal-format-ion
35
arteri/o
artery
36
ven
vein
37
mal-
bad
38
format
to form
39
acute clinical event caused by an impaired cerebral circulation
CVA- cerebrovascular accident a.k.a. stroke
| cerebr/o-vascul-ar
40
weakness of one side of the body
hemi-paresis
41
hemi-
half
42
paresis
weakness
43
paralysis of one side of the body
hemi-pleg-ia
| hemiplegic (adj)
44
pleg
paralysis
45
disease of the capillaries
micro-angi/o-pathy
46
micro-
small
47
angi/o
blood vessel
48
-pathy
disease
49
two types of strokes
Ischemic stroke
| Hemorrhagic stroke
50
another name for hemorrhagic stroke
intercranial hemorrhage
51
__ accounts for 90% of all strokes
ischemic strokes
52
plaque in the wall of a cerebral artery
atherosclerosis
53
blood clot in a cerebral artery originating from elsewhere in the body
embolism
54
Name three causes of ischemic strokes
Atherosclerosis
Embolism
Microangiopathy
55
CP
cerebral palsy
56
70-80% of all cases of CP
spastic CP
57
caused by damage to the developing brain;
| motor impairment in an infant or young child, regardless of the cause or the effect
cerebral palsy
58
_% of CP cases occur during pregnancy
75%
59
inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements
ataxia
ataxic (adj)
a-tax-ia
60
slow, writhing involuntary movements
athetosis
athetoid (adj)
athet-osis
61
a-
without
62
tax
coordination
63
-osis
condition
64
athet
uncontrolled, without position
65
-oid
resembling
66
alternating muscular contraction and relaxation
clonic
| Greek turmoil
67
paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
di-pleg-ia
| diplegic (adj)
68
di-
two
69
pleg
paralysis
70
diminishing of normal function
impair-ment
71
impair
worsen
72
-ment
action, state
73
paralysis of one limb
mono-pleg-ia
| monoplegic (adj)
74
mono-
one
75
paralysis or paresis from brain damage
palsy
| Latin paralysis
76
paralysis of both lower extremities
paraplegia
paraplegic (adj)
para-pleg-ia
77
para-
abnormal, beside
78
paralysis of all four limbs
quadriplegia; also tetraplegia
quadriplegic (adj)
quadri-pleg-ia
79
quadri-
four
80
sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle group; increased muscle tone on movement
spasm
spastic (adj)
Greek spasm
spast-ic
81
spast
tight
82
acute clinical event caused by an impaired cerebral circulation
stroke
| Old English; to strike
83
tetra-
four
84
paralysis of three limbs
triplegia
triplegic (adj)
tri-pleg-ic
85
tri-
three
86
TS
Tourette syndrome
87
between _ and _% of population will develop some form of epilepsy
1-3%
88
epileptic activity in one area of the brain only
partial seizures
89
name the three types of generalized seizures
absence seizure
tonic-clonic seizures
febrile seizures
90
most common in children ages 4-14, stare vacantly, quick recovery
absence seizures
91
triggered by a high fever in infants 6months-5 years
febrile seizures
92
a brief seizure characterized by absence of activity and occasionally clonic movements
absence seizure
| ab-sence seiz-ure
93
ab-
away from
94
sence
to feel
95
-ure
process
96
seiz
to convulse
| to grab
97
cata-
down
98
plexy
stroke
99
sudden loss of muscle tone with brief paralysis
cata-plexy
100
chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges
epilepsy
| Greek seizure
101
condition with frequent incidents of sudden, involuntary deep sleep
narc/o-lepsy
102
narc/o
stupor
103
-lepsy
seizure
104
occurring after a seizure
post-ict-al
105
post-
after
106
ict
seizure
107
a recurrent state of seizure activity lasting longer than a specific time frame (usually 30 minutes)
stat-us epilept-ic-us
108
stat
standing still
109
epilept
seizure
110
sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles
tic
| French tic
111
generalized seizure sue to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain
ton-ic-clon-ic seiz-ure
112
ton
pressure, tension
113
clon
violent action
114
-ure
process
115
disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics
Tourette syndrome
116
BSE
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
117
CJD
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
118
NMS
neurally mediated syncope
119
TB
tuberculosis
