Ch 9.1 Nervous System; Functions and Structure Flashcards by Alisha :D

CNS

Central Nervous System

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Computed tomography

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EEG

electroencephalogram

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MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

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PNS

Peripheral Nervous System

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The brain and spinal cord are called the:

CNS (Central Nervous System)

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Nerves all over the body outside the CNS are called the

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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The medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system is called

neurology

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A specialist in neurology is called a

neurologist

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A specialist who operates on the nervous system is a

neurosurgeon

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A pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy

anti-epilep-tic

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Alternative name for seizure

con-vuls-ion

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Record the electrical activity of the brain

EEG

electr/o-encephal/o-gram

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Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

epilepsy

Greek seizure

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Pertaining to, or condition caused by, a stroke or epilepsy

ict-al

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Pertaining to nerves that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

motor

Latin: to move

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An agent with the ability to alter mood, anxiety, behavior, cognitive processes, or mental tension

psych/o-active

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Event due to excessive electrical activity in the brain

seiz-ure

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Having the function of sensation; relating to structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

sens-ory

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In a state of muscular contraction

ton-ic

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Generalized seizure due to epileptic activity in all or most of the brain

tonic-clonic seizure

ton-ic-clon-ic

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Pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder

electroneurodiagnostic

electr/o-neur/o-dia-gnos-tic

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dia-

complete

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con-

with, together

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anti-

against

epilep

seizure

vuls

tear, pull

gnos

knowledge

ict

seizure

seiz

to grab, convulse

sens

feel

ton

pressure, tension

clon

violent action

-tic

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to

-eon

one who does

-ery

process of

-active

agent of change

-ory

having the function of

-ic

pertaining to

ANS

Autonomic nervous system

SAME

Sensory nerves are Afferent (towards the brain) Motor nerves are Efferent (away from the brain and spinal cord)

the PNS includes ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of spinal nerves

12, 31

_____ nerves carry signals from the internal organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Visceral

_____ nerves carry signals from the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

Somatic

____ arouses body for action, directs blood where its most needed

Sympathetic division of ANS

___ calms the body, slows heartbeat, stimulates digestion

parasympathetic division of ANS

carries signals to skeletal muscles, is under voluntary control

somatic motor division

conducting impulses inward toward the spinal cord or brainf

afferent | Latin to bring to

auto-

self

nom

law

Conducting impulses outward away from the brain or spinal cord

efferent | Latin to bring away from

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

ganglion ganglia (pl) Greek, swelling

A cord of fibers in connective tissue that conduct impulses

nerve | Latin

Technical term for a nerve cell; consists of the cell body with its dendrites and axons

neuron | Greek, nerve

para-

beside

sym-

together

pathet

suffering

pertaining to the periphery or external boundary

peripheral

peripher

outer part

A web-like network of joined nerves

plexus plexuses (pl) Latin, braid

somat

body

pertaining to the internal organs

visceral

viscer

internal organs

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter | stimulates muscles to contract

Acetyl-choline

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter found in many areas of the brain and spinal cord; has a stimulatory effect that is increased by cocaine and amphetamines

Nor-epi-nephr-ine

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter found in many areas of the brain and spinal cord; is involved with mood, anxiety, and sleep

Ser/o-ton-in

parasympathetic neurotransmitter confined to small areas of the brain; plays a role in movement, memory, pleasurable reward, behavior and cognition, mood, and learning

dopamine

parasympathetic neurotransmitter found in areas of the brain stem; are the body's natural pain relievers

end-(m)orphin

the three plexuses:

Cervical Brachial Lumbosacral

single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

axon

branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

dendrite | Greek, looking like a tree

material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve

myel-in

covering of a nerve around the myelin sheath

neur/i-lemma

junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell; where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells

syn-apse | synaptic (adj)

end-

within

-in

substance, chemical compound

myel

spinal cord

-lemma

covering

neur/i

nerve

-er

agent

trans-

across

neur/o

nerve

mitt

to send

nor-

normal

epi-

above, upon

nephr

kidney

ser/o

serum, serous

ton

tension

syn-

together

apse

clasp

BBB

Blood- brain barrier

CSF

Cerebralspinal fluid

There are ___ types of neuroglia. __ in the CNS __ in the PNS

six 4 2

star shaped connective tissue cell | involved in transportation of water and salts from capillaries to the neurons

astr/o-cyte

What is the most abundant glial cell?

Astrocytes

connective tissue cell of the CNS that forms a myelin sheath

oligo-dendr/o-cyte

small nervous tissue cells that are phagocytes

micro-glia

Membrane lining the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain help regulate the composition of CSF

Ependymal cells ependyma Greek, garment

Schwann cell

neur/o-lemm/o-cyte | after Theodor Schwann, German anatomist, 1810-1882

connective tissue cell that forms a myelin sheath | speeds up conduction of nerve fiber

neur/o-lemm/o-cyte

``` found around the neuron cell bodies function unknown ```

Satellite cells

a selective mechanism, physical barrier, that prevents the brain from toxins and infections

blood-brain barrier blood; Old English; fluid connective tissue brain; Old English; organ that controls the functions of the body barrier; Old French; obstacle, gatekeeper

astr/o

star

-cyte

cell

cerebr/o

brain

spin

spinal cord

fluid

flowing

micro-

small

glia

Greek; glue

neur/o

nerve

regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by cell bodies and dendrites

gray matter gray; Old English; color between white and black matter; Latin; a physical substance

lemm/o

rind, husk

oligo-

scanty

dendr/o

treelike

regions of the brain and spinal cord occupied by bundles of axons.

white matter