CH 9 The Sensory System (Eyes and Ears) Flashcards
Eyes
sensory organs that sense light and produce vision
Ophthalmic drugs
‘eye drops’ are…
aqueous products to treat eye conditions
May contain antibiotics, steroids, beta-blockers, NSAIDs, lubricants, e
Common disorders that can affect the eyes
Glaucoma
Chronic dry eye
Conjunctivitis
CMV retinitis
Age-related macular degeneration
Prostaglandin Agonists
reduce intraocular pressure associated with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Apply 1 drop to affected eye(s) once daily
Glaucoma Agents
Prostaglandin Analogs
DRUG LIST
generic name endings with, “-prost”
bimatoprost (Lumigan)
latanoprost (Xalatan)
latanoprostene bunod (Vyvolta)
tafluprost (Zioptan)
travoprost (Travatan)
unoprostone (Rescula)
Prostaglandin
Side Effects
eye pain, headache, irritation, itchiness, or blurred vision
may cause eye color in the iris to turn brown and eyelash growth
Beta Blockers
reduce intraocular pressure associated with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Apply 1 drop to affected eye(s) twice daily
Beta Blockers
Side Effects
eye pain, headache, irritation, itchiness, burning or stinging, or blurred vision
may cause cardiac side effects, myalgias, and edema
Glaucoma Agents
Beta Blockers
DRUG LIST
generic name endings with, “-olol”
betaxolol (Betoptic S)
carteolol (generic only)
levobunolol (Betagan)
metipranolol (OptiPranolol)
timolol (Betimol, Timoptic)
Glaucoma Agents
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
DRUG LIST
generic name endings with, “-amide”
Oral tablets
acetazolamide (Diamox)
dichlorphenamide (Keveyis)
methazolamide
Ophthalmic drops
brinzolamide (Azopt)
dorzolamide (Trusopt)
Glaucoma Agents
Alpha Receptor Agonists
DRUG LIST
generic name endings with, “-onidine”
apraclonidine (Iopidine)
brimonidine (Alphagan P)
Ophthalmic Agents
Dry Eyes
DRUG LIST
artificial tears (Refresh, Soothe, Systane, Tears)
cyclosporin (Restasis)
lifitegrast (Xiidra)
Ophthalmic Agents
Topical Corticosteroids
DRUG LIST
dexamethasone
fluorometholone (Flarex)
loteprednol (Alrex, Inveltys, Lotemax, Zylet)
prednisolone (Pred Forte, Pred Mild)
Common Ophthalmic Antibiotic Agents
Conjunctivitis “pink eye”
Aminoglycosides
generic name endings with, “-cyn”
Garamycin
Gentak
Gentasol
Tobrex
Common Ophthalmic Antibiotic Agents
Conjunctivitis “pink eye”
Macrolides
generic name ends with, “-thromycin”
AzaSite
Klarity-A
Romycin
Ophthalmic
Common Ophthalmic Antibiotic Agents
Conjunctivitis “pink eye”
Quinolones
generic name ends with“-floxacin”
Ciloxan
Zymaxid
Vigamox
Iquix
Ocuflox
Common Ophthalmic Antibiotic Agents
Conjunctivitis “pink eye”
Bleph-30
Cetamide
Common Ophthalmic Combination Agents
gentamicin/prednisolone (Pred-G)
neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone (Maxitrol)
sulfacetamide/prednisolone (Blephamide)
tobramycin/dexamethasone (TobraDex)
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (CiproDex)
Common Ophthalmic Antiviral Agents
acyclovir (Ocuvir)
ganciclovir (Zirgan)
trifluridine (Viroptic)
Common Ophthalmic Antifungal Agents
natamycin (Natacyn)
Otitis Media
Middle ear infection (common in children)
does not allow fluid to drain properly
Symptoms
Ear, jaw or sinus pain, itching, dizziness, pressure in the ears, or fever
Otitis Externa
“SWIMMERS EAR”
External ear infection that usually involves bacteria or fungi found in the earwax due to build up of ear wax
Common Otic Agents
Antibiotics
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone (CiproDex)
ciprofloxacin/prednisone (Cipro HC)
neomycin/polymyxin/hydrocortisone (Cortisporin Otic Solution)
Common Otic Agents
Drying agents
acetic acid
Isopropyl alcohol/glycerin (Acetasol)
Common Otic Agent
Earwax dissolver
carbamide peroxide (Debrox)
Common Otic Agents
Analgesic
Benzocaine/benzethonium chloride/glycerinm(Ottocaine, Pinnacaine)
Suspensions can be used if…
(medicine is mixed with a liquid, usually water, in which it cannot dissolve and therefore remains intact in the form of small particles)
There are tubes in the ears
The eardrum is ruptured
