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(Nate Class) CHs overview > CH 5 The Integumentary System > Flashcards

CH 5 The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The Integumentary System

A

largest organ system in the body which includes the skin, hair, and nails

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2
Q

skin cancer is caused by

A

UVA and UVB radiation

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3
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Abnormal sensitivity to light which may increase risk for phototoxicity

May be more prone to sunburns, blistering, rash, or peeling

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4
Q

drugs that may cause Photosensitivity
N.D.A.C.C.

A

NSAIDs including ibuprofen

Diphenhydramine

All ACE inhibitors

Certain antibiotics, antidepressants or antipsychotics

Certain chemotherapies including MTX, 5-FU

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5
Q

Topical Agents for Sun-Damaged Skin
s.h.l.b generic end in -ne

A

silver sulfadiazine (SSD, Silvadene)
hydrocortisone (Cortizone, Cortaid)
lidocaine (Topicaine, Xylocaine, Lidoderm)
benzocaine (HurriCaine, Anacaine, Dermoplast)

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6
Q

age for benzocaine

A

2 years and up due to risk of methemoglobinemia

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7
Q

methemoglobinemia

A

a life-threatening condition in which oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin is diminished and leads to tissue hypoxemia

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8
Q

acne

A

overproduction of sebum

prevented by bid cleansing face

mild acne treated with OTC products

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9
Q

severe acne types are…

A

nodular acne and acne vulgaris

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10
Q

Topical antibiotics used for acne, wrinkles, and rosacea

b.e.d.m.c.

A

benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil, Benzac, Brevoxyl)

erythromycin (Erygel)

dapsone (Aczone)

metro nidazole (MetroGel, MetroCream)

clindamycin (Cleocin-T)

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11
Q

Retinoids used for acne, wrinkles, and rosacea

t.a.i.t.

A

tretinoin (Renova, Retin-A)

adapalene (Differin)

isotretinoin (Accutane, Claravis, Zenatane)

tazarotene (Avage, Fabior, Tazorac)

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12
Q

Miscellaneous antibiotic agents

A

salicylic acid (Clearasil, Neutrogena products)

sodium sulfacetamide (Avar Cleanser, Plexion)

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13
Q

Retinoids are made of…

A

Vitamin A derivatives for acne, wrinkles, rosacea,

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14
Q

Topical agents of Retinoids are used for

A

acne, photoaging, or psoriasis

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15
Q

Oral agents of retinoids are used for

A

severe acne, psoriasis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

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16
Q

retinoids side effects *Topical agents

A

burning, dry skin, itching, peeling, or redness

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17
Q

Oral retinoids side effects
Agents…………………………………

A

teratogenicity (birth defects), hypertriglyceridemia, N/V (nausea, vomiting) fatigue, and hepatotoxicity

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18
Q

tretinoin (Altreno, Atralin, Renova)

A

topical retinoid for acne treatment and photodamaged skin

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19
Q

tretinoin admin

A

avoid sun exposure

Should not be used on areas of skin that are infected, red, irritated, or open wounds

Avoid applying close to eyes or mouth

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20
Q

tretinoin side effects

A

Burning, dry skin, itching, peeling, redness, and photosensitivity

rare but teratogenic (birth defects)

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21
Q

isotretinoin (Accutane, Claravis, Zenatane)

A

oral retinoid used as a last resort for severe acne

must enroll in iPLEDGE program

taken with a full glass of water to prevent capsule from dissolving in esophagus

avoid sun exposure

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22
Q

isotretinoin BBW

A

teratogenic (birth defects)

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23
Q

isotretinoin side effects

A

Depression, myalgias, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, decreased bone mineral density, visual disturbances, psychiatric effects or hypersensitivity

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24
Q

iPLEDGE program

A

REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program

all patients must agree to use birth control
females must do routine pregnancy tests

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25
Q

Miscellaneous Skin Conditions

A

Dermatitis

Contact Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis

atopic dermatitis

psoriaris

26
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are used to

A

treat severe forms of eczema or psoriasis that don’t respond to topical corticosteroids

Reduces itching and inflammation

27
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors are

end in “crolimus”

A

Pimecrolimus (Elidel)

tacrolimus (Protopic)
Tacrolimus 0.03% 2 - 15 yrs old
Tacrolimus 0.1% adults

28
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors’ side effects

A

Burning, itching, acne, redness, headache, muscle aches, or flu-like symptoms

May increase risk for malignancy (skin cancer or lymphoma)

use for short period of time to minimize side effects

29
Q

dandruff is treated with

A

selenium sulfide (Head and Shoulders)

pyrithione zinc (Denorex Dandruff Shampoo)

topical corticosteroids

30
Q

Topical Corticosteroids are used for

A

contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and allergic reactions

relieve redness, swelling, itching and pain in the dermal layer of the skin

used for limited time only

31
Q

Topical Corticosteroid side effects

A

Hyperglycemia, thinning of skin, fluid retention and HTN (hypertension, high bp), weight gain, changes in appetite, psychosis or insomnia, or fat redistribution

32
Q

Low Potency Topical Corticosteroid

generics end in “sone”

DRUG LIST
h.a.

A

hydrocortisone 0.5 or 1% (OTC; Dermarest, Instacort, Lanacort)

hydrocortisone 2.5% (Rx; Ala-Cort, Instacort, Cortaid)

alclometasone (Aclovate)

hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid)

hydrocortisone acetate (Cortaid, Lanacort)

33
Q

High Potency Topical Corticosteroid

some generics end in “sone” “one”

DRUG LIST

b.b.f.f.h.m.t

A

betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene)

betamethasone valerate(Apexicon, Psorcon)

fluocinolone (Capex, Synalar)

fluocinonide (Lidex, Vanos)

hydrocortisone valerate (Instacort, Locoid, Pandel)

mometasone furoate (Elocon)

triamcinolone (Kenalog, Triderm)

34
Q

Very High Potency Topical Corticosteroid

DRUG LIST

b.c.h.a.d.
_ - propionate

A

betamethasone dipropionate (augmented formulation)

clobetasol propionate (Clobex, Clodan)

halobetasol propionate (Lexette, Ultravate)

amcinonide

desonide (DesOwen, Tridesilon)

35
Q

Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B

(Neosporin)

A

Topical triple antibiotic used to prevent superficial skin infections on minor cuts, abrasions, and burn wounds

OTC ointment

36
Q

Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B

(Neosporin)
Side Effects

A

Hypersensitivity, pain or stinging around the site of application, erythema, edema

37
Q

Bacitracin/neomycin/polymyxin B (Neosporin)
DOSING

A

apply 1 to 3 times per day or 8x qd for burn wounds

38
Q

Topical Antibiotics
end in “in”

b.m.r.

A

bacitracin

bacitracin-neomycin-polymyxin B (Neosporin)

mupirocin (Bactroban, Centany)

retapamulin (Altabax)

39
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

A

Topical antifungal to treat athlete’s foot

OTC and Rx topical cream

oral formulation for onychomycosis

40
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil)
DOSING

A

bid for 1-2 wk

41
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil)
SIDE EFFECTS

A

Hypersensitivity, skin irritation, application site burning, pruritus, xerosis

Systemic absorption of topical terbinafine is 37 times lower than oral administration

42
Q

Topical Antifungals DRUG LIST
some end in -“zole” and “ine”
c.k.s.m.b.t.t.c

A

clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)

ketoconazole (Nizoral)

sertaconazole (Ertaczo)

miconazole (Desenex, Lotrimin AF)

butenafine (Lotrimin)

terbinafine (Lamisil)

tolnaftate (Lamisil AF)​

ciclopirox (Ciclodan)
​

43
Q

Docosanol (Abreva)

A

OTC Topical cream for acute episodes of herpes labialis (cold sores)

44
Q

Docosanol (Abreva)
DOSING

A

5x qd directly on lesion

45
Q

Docosanol (Abreva)
SIDE EFFECTS

A

Hypersensitivity, skin irritation, application site burning, pruritus, xerosis

46
Q

Topical Antivirals DRUG LIST
d.a

A

docosanol (Abreva)

acyclovir (Zovirax)

47
Q

permethrin OTC topical agent
treats

A

scabies

lice

May cause redness, rash, or skin irritation

48
Q

Ivermectin (Sklice, Soolantra)

Rx topical product treats

A

headlice and topical lesions of rosacea in adults

may cause skin irritation, rash, dandruff or dry skin

49
Q

Benzalkonium chloride (Viroxyn)

used as

A

pre-operative skin disinfectant

Instruments and hospital utensils stored in solution of benzalkonium chloride

49
Q

Pyrethrin (Licide, RID)

OTC topical shampoo for

A

headlice

Apply to wet hair/scalp for 10 minutes then rinsed off, treatment is repeated in 1 week

50
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Strong disinfecting, cleansing, and bleaching agent used to prepare dental surfaces before filling or to clean wounds

51
Q

Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox)

A

Disinfects and deodorizes most germs and odor

Common household cleaning product

52
Q

Isopropyl alcohol

A

70 to 90% concentrations remove and kill bacteria by denaturing proteins

stinging sensation when applied to cuts or open wounds

Must dry and be left on wound for ~ 2 minutes for maximum effect

53
Q

Povidone iodine (Aplicare, Betadine)

A

aqueous solution used against bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, and yeasts

little discomfort to open wounds

Often used in surgical procedures to prevent infection

54
Q

Diaper rash

A

irritation and redness
May lead to skin infection if left untreated

55
Q

Common ingredients in diaper rash products

A

balsam of Peru
camphor or menthol
eucalyptus oil
talc or kaolin
zinc oxide

56
Q

balsam of Peru

A

Promotes wound healing and tissue repair

(used in diaper rash products)

57
Q

camphor or menthol

A

Local anesthetic that relieves pain and itching

(used in diaper rash products)

58
Q

eucalyptus oil

A

Has antimicrobial activity

(used in diaper rash products)

59
Q

talc or kaolin

A

Promotes moisture absorption

(used in diaper rash products)

60
Q

zinc oxide

A

mild astringent to promote drying

(used in diaper rash products)

61
Q

Aloe Vera Gel

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

A

soothing, antibacterial, antifungal, and wound-healing properties

pain-inducing speeds up healing of burns/sunburns

(Nate Class) CHs overview (5 decks)

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