Ch. 9 Test Flashcards
What percentage of farmers are in developed countries?
3% of farmers in developed countries.
What percentage of farmers are in developing countries?
42% of farmers in developing countries.
In which regions is intensive wet-rice agriculture dominant?
East, South, and Southeast Asia.
What is transhumance?
Transhumance is a seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
What does Von Thunen’s model predict?
It predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market.
What is found in the 1st ring of the Von Thunen Model?
Market-Oriented Gardens and Dairy Farms, which are expensive to transport and must reach market quickly or they will expire.
What is found in the 2nd ring of the Von Thunen Model?
Woodlots, used for lumber and fuel.
What is found in the 3rd ring of the Von Thunen Model?
Various Crops and Pasture.
What is found in the 4th ring of the Von Thunen Model?
Animal Grazing, which requires lots of space.
Who is the leading producer of chicken?
The United States.
Who is the leading producer of meat?
China.
What leads to desertification?
Human Actions.
What are some health concerns regarding GMOs in Africa?
Health Problems: not nutritious and can damage the body.
What export problems are associated with GMOs in Africa?
Europeans are strongly opposed to GMOs, so they are required to be labeled.
What dependency issue arises from GMOs in Africa?
They are required to buy those seeds from the USA.
Who is the largest producer of wheat in the world?
China.
Where is marijuana widely produced?
In Mexico, with the majority going to the United States.
What does fair-trade agriculture provide?
Fair wages in LDCs.
What are the factors of the Green Revolution?
Invention of high-yield grains, increased production of rice, new varieties of wheat and corn, reduced famines, and use of pesticides and mechanized irrigation.
How has genetic engineering increased farming productivity?
By increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pests.
What is the effect of industrialization on U.S. agriculture?
A decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the size of the farms.
What type of activity is the majority of Southeast Asia’s rice cultivation?
Primary Activity.
Which crop is the leading export in terms of tonnage?
Wheat.
How have U.S. isolated farmsteads evolved?
They have physical barriers preventing communal farm practices.
What is the issue for poorer countries producing cash crops?
They have to stick to one crop.
What are examples of luxury crops?
Coffee, cocoa, tobacco.
Where is Mediterranean agriculture found?
Mediterranean, California, Chile, South Africa, Australia, and developed countries near the coast.
What type of climate is found in Michigan?
Humid cold climate with no dry season and a cool summer.
What is the Long-lot Survey System?
It divides land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals.
What is the Township and Range System?
A grid system that creates 1-square-mile sections.
What crop has seen a drop in imports for Mexico?
Corn.
What type of commodity is closest to the market town in Von Thunen’s model?
Dairy Farming.
When did the Second Agricultural Revolution happen?
It started before and helped support the Industrial Revolution in the 17th and 18th century.
What would colonial farmers make subsistence farmers grow?
Cash crops and food crops.
What types of population would areas of shifting cultivation have?
People who practice shifting cultivation would live in small villages and grow food in the surrounding lands.
What happens to the workforce as a country’s economy develops?
Agriculture drops.
Where do most scholars believe the first Agricultural Revolution occurred?
South and Southeast Asia for root crops, and Southwest Asia (the Fertile Crescent) for seed crops.
What type of plants were likely involved in the earliest plant domestication?
Root Crops such as onion, potato, and shallots.
What is an example of a primary economic activity?
Agriculture, ranching, hunting & gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying.
Where is the highest demand for organic foods?
Australia, South America, and Europe.
How has genetic engineering of crops helped farming productivity?
By making crops drought resistant and pest resistant.
What region has the Green Revolution NOT helped?
Sub-Saharan Africa.
What settlement pattern has the Township and Range system led to?
A dispersed rural settlement pattern.
What type of agriculture corresponds with traditional labor-intensive agriculture?
Field terracing.
