Ch. 11 test Flashcards
What part of the U.S. has the most right-to-work laws?
South
How does Mexico compete with China in industry?
Lower shipping costs to Europe and the US.
What is the world energy percentage by developed countries?
60%
What is the world energy percentage by developing countries?
40%
What was the principal source of energy in the 19th century?
Wood
What was the principal source of energy in the late 19th century?
Coal
What was the principal source of energy in the second half of the 20th century?
Petroleum
What are the 3 principal steps of textile and apparel production?
- Spinning of fibers to make yarn
- Weaving or knitting of yarn into fabric
- Assembly of fabric into products
Where are factories and industrial parks typically located?
Near suburban highway junctions
What are the characteristics of trucks in transportation?
Short distance delivery, advantageous if the truck can reach the destination within one day.
What are the characteristics of trains in transportation?
Ships to destinations that take more than one day, takes longer to load but won’t make daily stops.
What are the characteristics of ships in transportation?
Used to transport over very long distances, cost per kilometer is low.
What are the characteristics of airplanes in transportation?
Most expensive, speedy delivery.
What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced in North America?
80%
What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced in Japan?
10%
What percent of vehicles sold in the U.S. are produced elsewhere?
10%
What industries were impacted by the Industrial Revolution?
- Iron
- Transportation
- Textiles
Why have companies moved their factories out of the Rust Belt area?
The South has less expensive site factors than the North.
Who is the largest producer of steel?
China
How have government quotas helped periphery and semi-periphery countries?
They ease the flow of goods by eliminating tariffs.
How do core countries conduct agricultural practices?
Commercial farming with large plots of land, machinery, and intensive labor.
What type of companies own hotels in peripheral countries?
Transnational corporations.
What is Alfred Weber’s analysis of location decision?
Manufacturing plants will locate where costs are the least, with transportation being the most important cost.
What are maquiladoras?
Factories within 35 miles from the Mexican-American border.
What is vertical integration?
A strategy where a manufacturing company merges with another company that possesses forward or backward links in the supply or production process.
Where should bulk-gaining industries be located?
Closer to the market.
Where should bulk-reducing industries be located?
Near raw materials and fresh resources.
What type of countries have high birth and death rates?
Periphery countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa.
What is just-in-time production?
Companies buy or produce just what they need for short-term production and order again when needed.
What is dollarization?
A country abandons its own currency and uses another country’s currency.
Which two countries dominate textile and manufacturing?
China and India.
Why would foreign companies want to locate manufacturing plants in the U.S.?
Lower transportation costs and better access to markets.
What is agglomeration?
When a group of industries cluster for mutual benefit.
What is Rostow’s model?
A theory outlining five stages of economic development that all countries must pass through to become fully developed.
What is the first stage of Rostow’s model?
Traditional - primary, subsistence farming with limited technology.
What is the second stage of Rostow’s model?
Pre-Conditions for Take Off - progressive leadership and installation of infrastructure.
What is the third stage of Rostow’s model?
Take Off - experiences industrial growth and urbanization.
What is the fourth stage of Rostow’s model?
Drive to Maturity - diffusion of technology and industrial specialization.
What is the fifth stage of Rostow’s model?
High Mass Consumption - mass consumption and high incomes.
What is the dependency ratio?
The percent of the population that is too young or too old to work.
Why did the now defunct Detroit Denim Jean cost so much?
Made in America (Detroit), higher wages caused the jeans to be extremely expensive.
What is the most important factor for industrial location?
Transportation cost.
What is an example of a maquiladora?
Han Young maquiladora, a plant in Tijuana that manufactured car parts for Hyundai.
What country was the first to industrialize?
Great Britain.
Which industry is located closest to its raw material source?
Nickel smelting.
