CH. 9 Quantitative Research Design Flashcards
What type of research design occurs when
researchers start with a presumed cause and
then go forward in time to the presumed
effect?
A) Cohort
B) Counterfactual
C) Randomized controlled
D) Factorial
A) Cohort
What type of design occurs when the
researcher simultaneously manipulates two
independent variables?
A) Crossover
B) Factorial
C) Single-blind
D) Cluster randomization
B) Factorial
What is a limitation of the research design for
a quantitative study?
A) Whether there will be a theoretical context
B) Whether there will be an intervention
C) What types of comparisons will be made
D) How many times data will be collected
A) Whether there will be a theoretical context
What does the using random numbers tables
for assigning subject to groups eliminate?
A) Systematic bias
B) Ethical problems
C) Need for a control group
D) Unnecessary manipulation
A) Systematic bias
What would happen to the same people
simultaneously exposed and not exposed to
the casual factor in an idealized research
model?
A) Confounding
B) Counterfactual
C) Causality
D) Manipulation
B) Counterfactual
Various criteria are used to establish causality.
One criterion is that an observed relationship
between a presumed cause and an effect
cannot be explained as being caused by other
variables. What is the observed relationship
between a presumed cause called?
A) Confounding
B) Independent variable
C) Dependent variable
B) Independent variable
What type of design occurs in retrospective
studies with data on both the dependent and
independent variables collected at a single
point in time?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Case control
C) Prospective
D) Correlational
A) Cross-sectional
What is occurring when the nurse researcher
manipulates the independent variable by
introducing a treatment or intervention?
A) Control
B) Counterfactual
C) Randomization
D) Manipulation
D) Manipulation
What is occurring when the nurse researcher
assigns people to experimental and control
groups at random to make the groups
comparable at the outset?
A) Control
B) Counterfactual
C) Randomization
D) Manipulation
C) Randomization
Everyone in the experimental group usually
gets the same intervention as delineated in
formal protocols. What occurs when the study
is tailored to meet individual needs or
characteristics?
A) Placebo
B) Patient-centered intervention
C) Attention control
D) Stratification
B) Patient-centered intervention
The nurse researcher wants to avoid bias
stemming from participants’ awareness of
group status or study hypotheses. What is this
called?
1. Attention control
2. Stratification
3. Masking
4. Blinding
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 4
D) 3, 4
D) 3, 4
Masking, Blinding
What type of study occurs when a sample of
both users and nonusers of oral contraceptives
over a 20-year period are followed to
determine if there were any long-term side
effects?
A) Controlled
B) Retrospective
C) Prospective
D) Crossover
C) Prospective
What type of correlational study begins with
the outcome and looks back in time for
antecedent causes by comparing individuals
that have a disease with controls who do not
have the disease?
A) Case control
B) Retrospective
C) Prospective
D) Crossover
A) Case control
The nurse researcher is dividing research
participants into groups of men and women
before equating the groups on all
characteristics that could affect study
called?
A) Placebo
B) Patient-centered intervention
C) Attention control
D) Stratification
D) Stratification
What is occurring when the nurse researcher
documents the frequency of new research
cases over a given time period?
A) Prevalence
B) Incidence
C) Relative risk
D) Self-selection
B) Incidence
