CH 10. Sampling and Data Collection in Quantitative Studies Flashcards
Sampling is familiar to us all. In the course of daily activities, we make decisions and draw conclusions through sampling. A nursing student may select an elective course by sampling two or three classes on the first day of the semester. What is sampling?
A) Identification of a set of elements used for selecting study participants
B) Established population characteristics to determine who could participate in a study
C) Process of selecting a subset of the population to represent the entire population
D) Technique for ensuring that every element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the study
C) Process of selecting a subset of the population to represent the entire population
What is bias sampling?
A) Elements are selected by nonrandom methods.
B) Most readily available or convenient group of people for the sample.
C) Referrals for potential participants are made by those already in the sample.
D) Systematic overrepresentation or underrepresentation of some segment of the population
D) Systematic overrepresentation or underrepresentation of some segment of the population
What type of sampling occurs in which referrals for potential participants are made by those already in the sample?
A) Convenience
B) Snowball
C) Quota
D) Consecutiv
B) Snowball
Which type of sampling are strata incorporated into the design?
A) Convenience
B) Snowball
C) Quota
D) Consecutive
C) Quota
The nurse researcher is collecting information about the population sample. What is the basic population unit about which information is collected called?
A) Population
B) Element
C) Inclusion criteria
D) Exclusion criteria
B) Element
The nurse researcher knows it is important to make a distinction between target and accessible populations. What is the target population?
A) Aggregate of cases that conform to designated criteria and that are accessible for a study.
B) Aggregate of cases about which the researcher would like to generalize.
C) Characteristics of individuals that must not be included in the research sample.
D) Characteristics of individuals that meet the specific population characteristics.
B) Aggregate of cases about which the researcher would like to generalize.
The nurse researcher knows it is important to make a distinction between target and accessible populations. What is a population?
A) Aggregate of cases that conform to designated criteria and that are accessible for a study
B) Aggregate of cases about which the researcher would like to generalize
C) Entire aggregation of cases in which a researcher is interested
D) Characteristics of individuals that meet the specific population characteristics
C) Entire aggregation of cases in which a researcher is interested
The nurse researcher knows that samples and sampling plans vary in quality. What is a key consideration in assessing a sample in a quantitative study?
A) Representativeness
B) Probability
C) Nonprobability
D) Strata
A) Representativeness
The nurse researcher wants to use a probability sample in the research study. Which is an example of a probability sampling method?
A) Convenience
B) Cluster
C) Purposive
D) Quota
B) Cluster
The nurse researcher is using a sampling design that is especially likely to yield a representative sample. What type of sample is this called?
A) Systematic
B) Convenience
C) Purposive
D) Quota
A) Systematic
Which type of sample is considered to be the weakest for quantitative studies?
A) Convenience
B) Quota
C) Purposive
D) Systematic
A) Convenience
The nurse is hand picking the sample based on the researcher’s knowledge about the population. What type of sample is this called?
A) Purposive
B) Snowball
C) Network
D) Chain
A) Purposive
The nurse researcher is trying to yield a representative sample. What type of nonprobability design should be utilized?
A) Quota
B) Snowball
C) Network
D) Chain
A) Quota
The nurse researcher has to consider the procedure of weighing in the sample. What type of sampling design would be considered?
A) Proportionate
B) Disproportionate
C) Simple random
D) Quota
B) Disproportionate
A nurse research used a probability type systematic sampling plan. The sample size was 200. The sampling interval was 250. The first element drawn was 196. What would the second element be?
A) 396
B) 446
C) 496
D) 646
B) 446
A nurse researcher used a systematic sampling design. The known population size is 3200, and the desired sample size is 160. What is the sampling interval?
A) 16
B) 20
C) 160
D) 320
B) 20
What type of sampling divides the population into homogeneous strata from which elements are selected at random?
A) Probability sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Stratified random sampling
D) Cluster sampling
C) Stratified random sampling
The nurse researcher is reviewing a research article that used a cluster sample. What is a cluster sample?
A) Selection of every kth case from a list
B) Standard distance between the selected elements in the sample
C) Multistaged selection of random samples from larger units
D) Divides the population into homogeneous strata to ensure representation of subgroups
C) Multistaged selection of random samples from larger units
What type of analysis do nurse researchers use to estimate sample size needs?
A) Power
B) Systematic
C) Interval
D) Multistage
A) Power
The nurse researcher is reviewing a research article that used systematic sampling. What is systematic sampling?
A) Selection of every kth case from a list
B) Standard distance between the selected elements in the sample
C) Multistaged selection of random samples from larger units
D) Divides the population into homogeneous strata to ensure representation of subgroups
A) Selection of every kth case from a list
