ch 9 populations and samples

Question 1

Selecting a group of people, events,
behaviors, or other elements with which to
conduct a study

Answer 1

sampling

Question 2

sampling method, defines selection process

Answer 2

sampling plan

Question 3

defines selected group of people/elements from which data are collected for a
study

Answer 3

sample

Question 4

particular group of individuals
or elements who are the focus of the research

Answer 4

population

Question 5

entire set of individuals
or elements who meet the sampling criteria

Answer 5

target population

Question 6

portion of the target population to which the researcher has reasonable access

Answer 6

accessible population

Question 7

Individual units of the population
and sample

Answer 7

elements

Question 8

-Extending the findings from the sample
under study to the larger population
-The extent is influenced by the quality of the
study and consistency of the study’s
findings

Answer 8

generalization

Question 9

Characteristics that the subject or element
must possess to be part of the target
population

Answer 9

inclusion (sampling criteria)

Question 10

Characteristics that can cause a person or
element to be excluded from the target
population

Answer 10

exclusion (sampling criteria)

Question 11

type of sample: As similar as possible
so as to control for extraneous variables

Answer 11

homogeneous sample

Question 12

type of sample: Represents a broad
range of values
(used when narrow focus is not desirable)

Answer 12

heterogeneous sample

Question 13

The sample, the accessible population, and
the target population are alike in as many
ways as possible

Answer 13

representativeness

Question 14

things to evaluate in representativeness

Answer 14

-setting
-characteristics of subjects
-Distribution of values on variables measured in the study

Question 15

Difference between the population mean and the mean of the sample

Answer 15

sampling error

Question 16

type of variation: Expected difference in
values that occurs when different subjects
from same sample are examined

Answer 16

random variation

Question 17

type of variation: Consequence of selecting subjects whose measurement values differ in some way from those of the population

Answer 17

systemic variation/bias

Question 18

Withdrawal or loss of
subjects from a study

Answer 18

sample attrition

Question 19

Number of subjects who
remain in and complete a study

Answer 19

sample retention

Question 20

how to calculate sample attrition

Answer 20

number of subjects withdrawing ÷
number of study subjects × 100

Question 21

4 types probability sampling

Answer 21

-simple random
-stratified random
-random cluster
-systematic

Question 22

smaller groups that represent the
entire population

Answer 22

stratified random

Question 23

type of nonprobability sampling: Convenience sampling but a
strategy to ensure inclusion of
subject types

Answer 23

quota sampling

Question 24

type of nonprobability sampling: Researcher seeks out, based on researcher
judgment

Answer 24

purposive sampling

Question 25

type of nonprobability sampling:
-Used in grounded theory research
-The sample is saturated when the data collection is complete based on the researchers’ expectations

Answer 25

theoretical sampling

Question 26

Ability to detect differences in the population
or capacity to correctly reject a null
hypothesis

Answer 26

power analysis