ch 5 research problems, purposes and hypotheses Flashcards
Area of concern in which there is a gap in knowledge
needed for practice
research problem
sources of research problems
-nursing practice
-researcher and peer interaction
-lit review
-theory
-research priorities
S+S problem statement
-justification of need
-current
-clear and concise
-includes variables, population and setting
what is included in PICOT
Population
Intervention
Comparative
Outcome
Time
what goes into study feasibility
-time commitment
-money commitment
-researchers’ expertise
-availability of resource
-ethical considerations
significance of study problem and purpose
-build on previous research
-influence nursing practice
-promote theory testing/development
-addresses nursing research priorities
critiquing guidelines for problems and purposes
-problem clear and concise?
-problem limited in scope?
-problem narrow to focus study?
-problem identify variables, population and setting?
-problem and purpose able to generate knowledge?
-study feasible?
-study ethical?
Declarative statements that
focus on identification and description of variables or
concepts and sometimes on determination of
relationships of variables
research objectives
Interrogative statements that
focus on which variables or concepts are to be
described and the relationships that might exist
among them
research questions
Formal statements of expected
relationships among variables
hypotheses
types hypotheses
-associative v causal
-simple v complex
-nondirectional v directional
-null v research
type of hypothesis: relationship between variables
associative
type of hypothesis: cause-and-effect relationship between variables
causal
group differences in associative v causal hypotheses
naturally occurring
researcher controlled
type of hypothesis: Relationship exists between variables, but hypothesis does
not predict nature of relationship
nondirectional
type of hypothesis: Nature (positive or negative) of interaction between two or more variables is stated
directional
what are directional hypotheses developed from
-theoretical framework
-literature
-clinical practice
type of hypothesis: States there is no difference or
relationship between variables; also called
statistical hypothesis
null
type of hypothesis: States what researcher
thinks is true; there is a relationship between two
or more variables
research
type of hypothesis: States what researcher
thinks is true; there is a relationship between two
or more variables
research
type of hypothesis: only two variables are compared
simple
type of hypothesis: more than two are compared
complex
Qualities, properties, or characteristics of
people, things, or situations that are
manipulated or measured in research
variables
characteristics of variables
-more concrete than concepts
-represent only portion of concept
-several variables may represent one concept
types variables (5)
-independent
-dependent
-research variables/concepts
-extraneous
-demographic
translating
downward to more concrete
level; moves from concepts to variables to measurables
operationalization
