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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 9 OSSEOUS TISSUE General > Flashcards

Ch. 9 OSSEOUS TISSUE General Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the skeletal system?

A

Bones
Ligaments
Tendons

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2
Q

What gives bones their hardness, durability, and strength?

A

Calcium salts

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3
Q

What is the body’s rigid internal framework?

A

The skeleton

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4
Q

What comprises the axial skeleton?

A

Head
Neck
Rib cage
Spine

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5
Q

What comprises the appendicular skeleton?

A

Shoulder bones
Hip bones
Upper limbs
Lower limbs

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6
Q

What cartilage attaches to ribs?

A

Costal cartilage

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7
Q

What cartilage pads the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

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8
Q

What is the name of the fibrocartilage pad that golds together the anterior portions of the pelvis?

A

Pubic symphysis

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9
Q

What cartilage covers the ends of bones at freely moveable joints?

A

Articular cartilage

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10
Q

What is the process of blood formation/differentiation?

A

Homopoiesis

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11
Q

What are the “mineral banks” of the body?

A

Bones

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12
Q

4 classifications of bone SHAPE

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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13
Q

What is the most abundant inorganic material in the ground substance of bone matrix?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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14
Q

What are the major organic components of the ground substance of bone matrix?

A

Proteoglycans

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15
Q

What do the bone matrix’s ground substance proteoglycans contain?

A

Chondroitin
Hyaluronic Acid

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16
Q

What is the entire organic component of bone matrix called?

A

Osteoid

17
Q

2 classifications of bone according to the arrangement of the ground substance and collagen fibers in the bone matrix?

A

Woven bone
Lamellar bone

18
Q

What do lamellae form in compact bone?

A

Osteons

19
Q

What do lamellae form in spongy bone?

A

Trabeculae

20
Q

What is the formation of osseous tissue called?

A

Bone deposition

21
Q

What are the 3 steps of bone deposition?

A
  1. Development of osteoblasts
  2. Secretion of osteoid
  3. Calcification of the osteoid
22
Q

What is the term for the destruction of bone matrix and the subsequent diffusion of its minerals into blood?

A

Bone resorption

23
Q

What are the three steps of bone resorption?

A
  1. Development of osteoclasts
  2. Secretion of acids and enzymes
  3. Formation of reabsorption pit
24
Q

What is responsible for increasing an osteoclast’s surface area against a bone surface, which increases its ability to destroy bone matrix?

A

The ruffled membrane

25
Q

What are the most important matrix-destroying cells?

A

Osteoclasts

26
Q

What is another name for the reabsorption pit left behind by an osteoclast?

A

Howship’s lacuna

27
Q

What are the two terms for the process of bone development/growth?

A

Osteogenesis/ossification

28
Q

What are the 4 steps of intramembranous ossification?

A
  1. Formation of ossification center
  2. Development of woven bone
  3. Development of lamellar bone/periosteum
  4. Formation of marrow
29
Q

What process do most bones in the skeleton develop through?

A

Endochondral ossification

30
Q

What are the five steps of endochondral ossification?

A
  1. Formation of cartilage model
  2. Formation of primary ossification center
  3. Formation of spongy bone in inner diaphysis
  4. Formation of medullary cavity
  5. Formation of secondary ossifications center and epiphyseal plate
31
Q

What are the 4 zones of an epiphyseal plate in a long bone?

A
  1. Growth zone
  2. Transformation zone
  3. Osteogenic zone
  4. Remodling zone
32
Q

What are the 4 steps of Appositional Growth?

A
  1. Formation of bone ridges
  2. Fusion of bone ridges
  3. Formation of concentric lamellae
  4. Completion of osteon
33
Q

What nutrients are especially important to bone health?

A

Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins

34
Q

Which hormones play significant roles in bone development?

A

Calcitriol
Growth Hormone
Thyroxine
Sex hormones

35
Q

What is the term for the simultaneous bone deposition and resorption?

A

Bone remodeling

36
Q

What is the measure of a bone’s mineral content?

A

Bone density

37
Q

Does bone density have a positive or negative effect on the bone’s structural strength?

A

Positive

38
Q

What are the 4 stages of fracture repair?

A
  1. Hematoma stage
  2. Fibrocartilage callus stage
  3. Bony callus stage
  4. Remodeling stage

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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