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Anatomy & Physiology > Ch. 7 TISSUES General > Flashcards

Ch. 7 TISSUES General Flashcards

1
Q

Study of tissues

A

histology

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2
Q

desmosomes

A

junctions that allow substances to pass between cells

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3
Q

Tight junctions

A

Do not allow substances between cells

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4
Q

Gap junctions

A

Form channels between cytoplasm of two cells

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5
Q

Filamentous protein used for desmosome junctions

A

cadherins

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6
Q

Integral protein used for tight junctions

A

Occludins

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7
Q

Transmembrane proteins used for gap junctions

A

connexons

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8
Q

Two forms of epithelial tissue

A

membranous or glandular

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9
Q

Only unicellular exocrine gland

A

goblet cells: secret mucus

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10
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Secrete potions of glandular cells that have broken off

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11
Q

Holocrine Glands

A

Secrete entire glandular cells that have disintegrated

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12
Q

Merocrine Glands

A

Secrete via exocytosis

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13
Q

Where does membranous epithelium exist?

A

On the free surfaces of various organs

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14
Q

How do epithelial membranes differ from phospholipid bilayers?

A

Epithelial membranes are multicellular

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15
Q

Cell shape classifications of membranous epithelium

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

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16
Q

Cell arrangement classifications of membranous epithelium

A

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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17
Q

Location classifications of membranous epithelium

A

Endothelium, serous membranes, mucous membranes

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18
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

1 layer of flat cells

Serous membranes, sacs within lungs, filtering devices in kidneys, and endothelium

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19
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cuboidal or columnar cells, with flat cells on free surface

Surface of skin, inner linings of mouth, esophagus, and vagina

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20
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

1 layer of cuboidal cells

Tiny kidney tubes, certain glands, ovary surface

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21
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cuboidal cells

Ducts of certain glands

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22
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

1 layer of cuboidal cells

Interspersed with goblet cells

NONCILIATED: in digestive tract

CILIATED: in oviducts and small lung tubes

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23
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Multiple layers of columnar cells

Lines male urethra, ducts of some glands

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24
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

A

1 layer of columnar cells, some don’t reach free surface

Ciliated cells and goblet cells

Lines nasal cavity, trachea, male’s urethra

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25
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Stratified; apical cells change shape when compressed

Lines urinary bladder, ureters, part of urethra

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26
Q

Which tissue is the most abundant in the body?

A

Connective

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27
Q

What type of tissue do all connective tissues arise from

A

Mesenchyme

28
Q

2 major structural characteristics of connective tissue

A

Vascularization
Matrix

29
Q

Fluid component of connective tissue’s matrix

A

Ground substance

30
Q

Most common adhesion protein in connective tissue’s ground substance

A

Fibronectin

31
Q

3 types of extracellular fibers in connective tissue

A

Collagenous
Reticular
Elastic

32
Q

What type of cell produces the matrix of most connective tissues?

A

Fibroblasts

33
Q

What type of cell produces the matrix of cartilage

A

Chondroblasts

34
Q

What type of cell produces the matrix of bone?

A

Osteoblasts

35
Q

What type of cells produce various blood cells, but do not produce the liquid matrix of blood?

A

Hemocytoblasts

36
Q

What do mast cells secrete?

A

Histamine

37
Q

Classifications of connective tissues

A

Proper
Cartilage
Osseous
Blood

38
Q

Connective tissue proper subdivisions

A

Loose
Dense

39
Q

Loose connective tissues include:

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular tissue

40
Q

Which type of connective tissue is the most widely distributed?

A

Areolar

41
Q

Classifications of dense connective tissue

A

Elastic
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular

42
Q

Where is elastic tissue found?

A

Blood vessels, lungs, vocal cords

43
Q

Where is dense regular tissue found?

A

tendons and ligaments

44
Q

Where is dense irregular tissue found?

A

Skin,
coverings of kidneys, bones, and testes

45
Q

Which connective tissue is avascular?

A

Cartilage

46
Q

3 classifications of cartilage tissue

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

47
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Ends of bones
Parts of nose, larynx, and trachea

48
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Shape of ear
epiglottis

49
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Between intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Menisci

50
Q

Which connective tissue type has the hardest matrix?

A

Osseous

51
Q

What organic material do osteoblasts produce that hardens when precipitated by calcium salts?

A

Osteoid

52
Q

2 components of blood

A

Formed elements
Plasma

53
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

54
Q

What is the liquid extracellular matrix of the blood?

A

Plasma

55
Q

What phenomenon causes cells to stop migrating when two sides of a wound close together?

A

Contact inhibition

56
Q

What is the movement of a cell toward a certain chemical called?

A

Chemotaxis

57
Q

What is the process of WBCs clinging to the inner wall of a blood vessel?

A

Margination

58
Q

What is the process by which WBCs exit through the vessel wall?

A

Diapedesis

59
Q

What are the various signs and symptoms that characterize a tissue after it’s been damaged called?

A

Inflammation

60
Q

What the process involving the formation of a scar?

A

Fibrosis

61
Q

During tissue healing, what do blood platelets release to stimulate fibroblasts to make more fibers?

A

Platelet-derived growth factors

PDGFs

62
Q

What is the term for tissue death from lack of oxygen/nutrients?

A

Tissue necrosis

63
Q

What is the term for tissue necrosis becoming extensive?

A

Gangrene

64
Q

What is the term for blood poisoning?

A

Septicemia

65
Q

What chemical is formed when bacteria decomposes tissues?

A

ptomaine

66
Q

What chemical is responsible for the smell of decaying tissue?

A

Cadaverin

67
Q
A

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

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