Ch 9 MUCUS CONTROLLING Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mucin?

A

principal constituent of mucus

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2
Q

Mucus?

A

secretion from surface goblet cells and submucosal glands composed of water, proteins, and glycosylated mucins

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3
Q

Sputum?

A

Expectorated phlegm that contains respiratory tract, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal secretions, bacteria, and products of inflammation

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4
Q

Phlegm?

A

Purulent material in the airways

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5
Q

Sol?

A

“Macromolecular description of the respiratory secretion in true solution, with the physical property of viscosity.”

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6
Q

Gel?

A

Macomolecular description of pseudoplastic material having both viscosity and elasticity.

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7
Q

Adhesion?

A

attractive forces between UNlike molecules (ie mucus and airway surface)

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8
Q

Cohesion?

A

Forces between LIKE molecules (ie:elongation of mucus macromolecule)

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9
Q

Elasticity?

A

Ability of a deformed material to return to its original shape (Characteristic of solids–represented by storage of modulus G)

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10
Q

Viscosity?

A

Resistance of liquid to sheer forces (Characteristic of liquids–represented by loss of modulus G)

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11
Q

How far do cilia move items? (peripheral vs trachea)

A
Peripheral = 1.5 mm/min
Trachea = 20 mm/min
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12
Q

Mucoactive?

A

any medication or drug that has an effect on mucus secretion

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13
Q

Mucolytic?

A

Degrades polymers in secretions or breaks down the structure of mucus (pulmozyme)

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14
Q

Expectorant?

A

designed to increase the volume or hydration of airway secretions

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15
Q

Mucoregulatory?

A

reduces the volume of airway mucus secretions and seems to be especially effective in hypersecretory states

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16
Q

Mucokinetic?

A

increases ciliary clearance

17
Q

Mucospissic?

A

increases viscosity of secretions and may be effective in therapy of bronchorrhea

18
Q

What are brand names for N-acetylcysteine?

A

Mucomyst

Mucosil

19
Q

Mode of action for N-acetylcysteine? (Mucomyst/mucosil)

A

breaks disulfide bonds in mucus!

Antioxidant in acetaminophen overdose

20
Q

Two concentrations of N-acetylcysteine?

A

10% and 20%

10% causes fewer bronchospasms. Should be refrigerated and discarded after 96 hours of opening

21
Q

Hazards of N-acetylcysteine?

A
Bronchospasm
Stomatitis
Nausea
Rhinorrhea
Also, it may be incompatible with certain antibiotics!
22
Q

What is the brand name of dornase alfa?

A

Pulmozyme!

23
Q

What is the indication for dornase alfa? (pulmozyme?)

A

Cystic fibrosis…
Clearance of purulent secretions
reduce frequency of respiratory infections
Improve their pulmonary function

24
Q

What is dornase alfa’s (pulmozyme) mode of action?

A

It breaks down DNA to reduce viscosity and adhesivity

25
Q

Dose and administration of dornase alfa?

A
2.5 mg in 2.5 ml solution
Must be administered by... 
Hudson RCI nebulizer
Acorn II nebulizer
PARI nebulizer
26
Q

Adverse effects of dornase alfa (pulmozyme?)

A

Safe and effective for kids over 5 years

Common: voice alteration, pharyngitis, laryngitis, rash, chest pain, conjunctivitis

27
Q

Expectorant examples?

A

oligosaccharides
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Hyperosmolar

28
Q

Contraindications for mucoactive drug therapy?

A
FEV1 < 25% predicted
Compromised VC or expiratory flow
GERD
Inability to protect airway
Acute bronchitis/ exacerbation of chronic disease