Ch. 9 Key Terms Flashcards
demography
the study of the characteristics of populations, especially human populations
age structure
the classification of members of a population into groups according to age or the distribution of members of a population in terms of age groups
survivorship
the percentage of newborn individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to a given age
fertility rate
the number of births (usually per year) per 1000 women of childbearing age (usually 15 to 44)
migration
in general, any movement of individuals or populations from one location to another; specifically, a periodic group movement that is characteristic of a given population or species
life expectancy
the average length of time that an individual is expected to live
demographic transition
the general pattern of demographic change from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, as observed in the history of more-developed countries
infrastructure
the basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, and sewers
arable land
land that can be used to grow crops
urbanization
an increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas
least developed countries
countries that have been identified by the United Nations as showing the fewest signs of development in terms of income, human resources, and economic diversification