Ch. 11 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

surface water

A

all bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow that are found above the ground

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2
Q

river system

A

a flowing network of rivers and streams draining a river basin

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3
Q

watershed

A

the area of land that is drained by a water system

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4
Q

groundwater

A

the water that is beneath the Earth’s surface

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5
Q

aquifer

A

a body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater

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6
Q

porosity

A

the percentage of the total volume of rock or sediment that consists of open spaces

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7
Q

permeability

A

the ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces or pores

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8
Q

recharge zone

A

an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aqufer

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9
Q

potable

A

suitable for drinking

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10
Q

pathogen

A

a microorganism, another organism, a virus, or a protein that causes disease; an infectious agnt

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11
Q

dam

A

a structure that is built across a river to control river’s flow

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12
Q

reservoir

A

an artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam

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13
Q

desalination

A

a process of removing salt from ocean water

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14
Q

water pollution

A

contamination of water by waste matter or other material that is harmful to organisms that are exposed to the water

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15
Q

point-source pollution

A

pollution that comes from a specific site

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16
Q

nonpoint-source pollution

A

pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single specific site;

17
Q

wastewater

A

water that contains waste from homes or industry

18
Q

artificial eutrophication

A

a process that increases the amount of nutrients in a body of water through human activities

19
Q

thermal pollution

A

a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life

20
Q

biomagnifiation

A

the accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain