CH 9 - Intelligence & Cognitive Function Testing Flashcards by Layla Ahlers

First intelligence test was created by these two individuals…
(hint: BS)

Binet & Simon (revised by Terman)

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Intelligence testing assesses a _______ (broad/ narrow) range of _________(intellectual/ cognitive) abilities resulting in _______ (measure of intelligence)

broad-cognitive - IQ

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Models of Intelligence
______ (hint: Mount V) Hierarchical Model of Intelligence includes 4 levels of intelligence that accumulate to (g) factor.
The following can be said about each level except:
Vernon’s top level is not like Spearman’s (g)
* 2nd level has: “v:ed” for verbal and educational abilities, and “k:m” which represents mechanical-spatial-practical abilities.
* 3rd level is comprised of minor group factors.
* 4th level is made of specific factors

Vernon’s top level is like Spearman’s (g)
* Second level has: “v:ed” for verbal and educational abilities, and “k:m” which
represents mechanical-spatial-practical abilities.
* Third level is comprised of minor group factors.
* Fourth level is made of specific

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Models of Intelligence
True/ False - E. Spearman’s two-factor approach includes general factor (g) and specific factor (s)

TRUE
“Weight” of g varied as a function of what was being measured
ex: ratio of general intelligence (g) to specific talent for music (s) was a ratio of 1 to 4, meaning that having music ability was much more significant in having talent for music than was general intelligence

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Purposes of intelligence tests includes …. (6)

To assist in determining giftedness
To assess for intellectual disabilities
To identify certain types of learning disabilities
To assess intellectual ability following an accident, the onset of dementia, substance abuse, disease processes, and trauma to the brain
Part of admissions process to certain private schools
As part of a personality assessment battery to aid in understanding the whole

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Models of Intelligence
Guilford’s Multifactor/Multi-dimensional Model includes 180 factors (originally 120) divided into a 3-dimensional model including:

OPERATIONS -or the general intellectual processes we use in understanding,
CONTENTS - or what we use to perform our thinking process, and
PRODUCT - how we apply our operations to our content

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This 4 level model of intelligence includes 4 levels including (g) - 1; v:ed & k:m - 2; ability - 3; s - 4

Vernon
1- general; 2 - major group factors; 3 - minor group factors; specific factors

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Models of Intelligence
Catell’s Intelligence
____ intelligence - ability to think abstractly, reason quickly, and problem solve without previous knowledge
____ intelligence - recalling previously learned/ stored information that can be applied to new situations

Fluid Intelligence
Crystal Intelligence

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Fluid intelligence decreases with age (T/F)

True

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Models of Intelligence
Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory contains 4 stages: sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; ____ operational

Formal

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Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory is grounded in which 2 major concepts:
Assimilation
Affirmation
Accommodation
Acknowledgement

ASSIMILATION: incorporating new stimuli or information into existing cognitive
structures. (conditioning)
ACCOMODATION: creating new cognitive structures and/or behaviors from new
stimuli.

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Models of Intelligence
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence noted ___ (less than 10) intelligences

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Models of Intelligence
(T/F) Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence is based on research from brain-damaged individuals, literature on their brain, evolution, genetics, psychology, and anthropology

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Models of Intelligence
Name 4 of 9 identified intelligences of Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence

VERBAL- Linguistic Intelligence: well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the
sounds, meanings, and rhythms of words
MATHEMATICAL - Logical Intelligence: ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns
MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE - ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre
VISUAL-SPATIAL INTELLGIENCE- capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly
5.BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE - ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully
INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE: capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations, and desires of others
INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE: capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs, and thinking processes
8.NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE - ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other objects in nature
EXISTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE: sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die, and how did we get here. (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004, section: “What is …”)

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All of the following are measures of intelligence except
Existential intelligence
Music Intelligence
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence
All are measures of intelligence

All

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This revolutionary researcher in intelligence believed the following tenants:
1. All human beings possess a certain amount of all of the intelligences.
2. All humans have different profiles or amounts of the multiple intelligences (even identical twins!).
3. Intelligences are manifested by the way a person carries out a task in relationship to his or her goals.
4. Intelligences can work independently or together, and each is located in a distinct
part of the brain

Gardner Theory of Multiple Intelligences

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Models of Intelligence
Sternberg’s 3 sub-theories includes
____ analytical/ meta components
_____creative/ performance
_____ practical/ knowledge

COMPONENTIAL - higher-order thinking and how that gets processed
EXPERIENTIAL - how one deals with novel situations as well as with the ability to do automated tasks
CONTEXTUAL - the ability to adapt to, shape, or select new environments to successfully meet one’s goals.

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Models of Intelligence

________Multifactor Approach includes 7 primary abilities.
All of the following except: verbal meaning, number meaning, word fluency, perception speed, emotional intelligence, spatial ability, reasoning, memory.
These do NOT add up to (g) factor

These do not add up to (g) factor

Thurstone
emotional intelligence

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First intelligence tests were created by these 2 individuals ____ & ______ (BS)

Binet & Simon

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Intelligence testing assesses a _______ (broad/ narrow) range of _________(intellectual/ cognitive) abilities resulting in _______ (measure of intelligence)

broad - cognitive - IQ

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Vernon’s Hierarchal Model of Intelligence is made up of 4 levels made up of the following
1st level - (hint: Spearman)
2nd level - (hint: v:ed and k:m)
3rd level - (hint: largest group of factors, small word)
4th level - (hint: opposite of 1)

Vernon’s top level is like Spearman’s (g)
2nd level has: MAJOR GROUP FACTORS: “v:ed” for verbal and educational abilities, and “k:m” for mechanical-spatial-practical abilities.
3rd level - MINOR GROUP FACTORS
4th level - SPECIFIC FACTORS

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(T/F) Spearman’s two-factor approach includes general factor (g) and specific factor (s)

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6 purposes of Intelligence tests

Determining giftedness
Assess for intellectual disabilities
Identify certain types of learning disabilities
Assess intellectual ability following an accident, the onset of dementia, substance abuse, disease processes, and trauma to the brain
Part of admissions process to certain private schools
As part of a personality assessment battery to aid in understanding the whole

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Guilford’s Multifactor/ Multi-dimensional Model contains 180 factors and a 3-dimensional model of cognitive ability comprised of…

OPERATIONS - the general intellectual processes we use in understanding,
CONTENTS - what we use to perform our thinking process
PRODUCT - how we apply our operations to our content

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____ intelligence decreases with age ____ increases with age

FLUID CRYSTALIZED

____ Intelligence - Ability to solve problems with n previous knowledge of how to do so; based on logic and reasoning ____Intelligence - recalling learned/ stored information to apply to a new situation

FLUID CRYSTALIZED

Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory contains 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, _____ operational, formal operational

Concrete

Two major concepts of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory are:

ASSIMILATION- incorporating new stimuli or information into existing cognitive structures. (conditioning) ACCOMODATION -creating new cognitive structures and/or behaviors from new stimuli.

This theorist behind Cognitive Development Theory believed that cognitive development is adaptive in order to maintain equilibrium

Piaget

(T/F) Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence is revolutionary for the belief that there is a specific amount of intelligence in the brain.

Gardner's research consisted of all but which of the following: brain-damaged individuals, literature in areas of the brain, IQ , genetics, psychology, and anthropology

IQ - correct answer is evolution

In Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, there are __ (number) categories of intelligences.

NINE 1. VERBAL-LINGUISTIC: well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings, and rhythms of words 2. MATHEMATICAL-LOGICAL: ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical or numerical patterns 3. MUSIC: ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre 4. VISIUAL SPACIAL: capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly 5. BODILY-KINESTHETIC: ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully 6. Interpersonal Intelligence: capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations, and desires of others 7. INTRAPERSONAL: capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs, and thinking processes 8. NATURALIST: ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other objects in nature 9. EXISTENTIAL: sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, why do we die, and how did we get here. (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2004, section: “What is …”)

Which of the following is not a category of intelligence Naturalist Music Reading Existential Bodily-Kinesthetic

Reading

According to Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence: (correct the following statements) 1. All human beings possess a certain amount of all/ only some of the intelligences. 2. All humans have different profiles or amounts of the multiple intelligences (except identical twins!). 3. Intelligences are manifested by the way a person carries out a task in relationship to his or her goals. 4. Intelligences only work independently of each other

1. all 2. F- it includes identical twins 3 - correct 4 - Intelligences can work independently or together, and each is located in a distinct part of the brain (Gardner, 2003, 2011).

Sternberg's model of intelligence based on one's abilities and talents, navigate one's environment, and adapt to new situations to create which type of intelligence? Crystalized Successful Mathematical Reasoning

Successful

Sternberg's Triarchic Model of Successful Intelligence is based in these 3 subtheories ___ (analytical / meta components) ___ (creative/ performance) ___ (contextual/ knowledge)

1. COMPONENTIAL - higher-order thinking and how that gets processed. 2. EXPERIENTIAL - how one deals with novel situations as well as with the ability to do automated tasks 3. CONTEXTUAL - the ability to adapt to, shape, or select new environments to successfully meet one’s goals

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Integrated Model of Intelligence is based in 16 (6 tentative) broad factors and 60/70 narrow abilities. The 6 broad factors include:

DOMAIN FREE (fluid reasoning) MEMORY (short-term memory + Long-term memory) GENERAL SPEED (psychomotor speed + processing speed + reaction and decision speed) MOTOR (kinesthetic abilities + psychomotor abilities) SENSORY (olfactory abilities + tactile abilities + visual abilities + auditory ability) ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE (reading & writing + quantitative knowledge + comprehension-knowledge + domain-specific knowledge)

INTELLIGENCE TESTING (T/F) Intelligence tests only measure a portion of the competencies involved with human intelligence

INTELLIGENCE TESTING (T/F) Intelligence test scores may be impacted by family, cultural , and societal factors, and IQ

This measure of intelligence is a reflection of how well individuals have mastered middle-class facts, concepts, and problem-solving strategies and are NOT fixed

Traditional intelligence tests measure based on traditional models (ex: "g" & "s") instead of Gardner's model. Two examples of prominent intelligence tests include:

Stanford-Binet *most well-known 3 Weschler Scales of Intelligence

INTELLIGENCE TESTS Measures verbal and nonverbal intelligence across five factors: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (SB-5) *most common strong reliability and correlates well with other I tests

INTELLIGENCE TESTS Widely used group of 3 different scales for different age groups to assess general cognitive functioning, assessment of intellectual disabilities, giftedness, and learning problems

WECHSLER SCALES WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) 16–90. WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) 6–16. WPPSI-III (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence), 2.6–7 yrs. and 3 months.

INTELLIGENCE TESTS Individually administered test of cognitive ability for ages 3 to 18. Scoring is based on choosing between two theoretical models of intelligence, one of which is the CHC (Catell-Horn-Carroll). Examines visual processing, fluid reasoning, and short-term and long-term memory.

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II

NONVERBAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS For age 6.0 through 89 and 11 months 6 subtests: pictorial analogies, geometric analogies, pictorial categories, geometric categories, pictorial sequences, geometric sequences High reliability + convergent validity with popular intelligence tests is in high .70s (fairly good)

Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI-2)

NONVERBAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS Ages 5-17; 45 minutes 6 subtests: symbolic memory, cube design, spatial memory, analogic reasoning, object memory, and reasoning Scored with mean of 10 and SD of 3 for each subset Correlates fairly well with WISC-III Predicts moderately with Woodcock Johnson-Revised broad knowledge scale

Universal Intelligence Test (UNIT)

NONVERBAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS Particularly good for culturally diverse, non-English speaking, hard of hearing, special education individuals, and gifted individuals from linguistically diverse populations 4-7 year old subscales: matrices, coding, object assembly, and recognitions 8-22 year old subscales: matrices, coding, spatial span, and picture arrangement

Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV)

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Which of the following are true: Observations of behavioral changes following head injuries found in 5,000 year-old Egyptian medical documents WWI: Interest in brain trauma Since 1950s: Saw that same type of brain injury could affect people differently More recently: imaging devices add to our knowledge base (x-rays, CATscans, MRI’s) Assessment still is important, though: helps us understand “brain-behavior” relationships

All

DEFINING NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL Which is NOT true about the use of neuropsychological assessments A. As a screening tool used to identify the root of a condition and the extent of the brain damage B. To measure change in an individual’s functioning (e.g., cognitive ability movement, reaction time) C. To compare changes in cognitive or functional status to others within the normative sample D. To provide specific rehabilitation treatment and planning guidelines for individuals and families E. To provide specific guidelines for educational planning in the schools

* As a DIAGNOSTIC tool used to identify the root of a condition and the extent of the brain damage

METHODS of NEUROPHSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2 types of approaches to battery (2 Fs)

FIXED battery approach FLEXIBLE battery approach

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT This test (2 names) developed in the 1950s- provides individuals with a cut-off score or index of impairment. (compare against "normals") Can also gather damage to specific areas of the brain/ severity of damage.

Halsteid-Reiten Battery

(T/F) Halsteid-Reiten Battery is a 5-6 hr test that consists of 8 core tests and is considered the most widely used, rigorous and most researched neuropsychological fixed battery.

TRUE 1. Category Test 2. Tactual Performance 3. Trail Making Test 4. Finger Tapping Test 5. Rhythm Test 6. Speech Sounds Perception Test 7. Reiten-Indiana Aphasia Screening Test 8. Reiten-Klove Sensory-Perceptual Examination

The Boston Process Approach is an example of which type of neuropsychological battery fluid flexible

flexible - strong emphasis on qualitative data;

Which is an example of a strength of a flexible neuropsychological battery? A. the administer can provide a wide variety of tests B. It does not require a lot of training C. Provide limited psychometric data D. Not scientific in the eyes of court E. None of these

E- many of its strengths are also seen as weaknesses (it takes a lot of training, it can skip pertinent information, and he evidence is not strong, court systems do not see them as scientific enough)

ROLE OF HELPERS Which is a key role of helpers in assessment of intelligence and cognitive functioning A. The assessment of intelligence and neurological impairment often given in School psychology programs and Doctoral programs in counseling, clinical, and clinical neuropsychology B. Others can obtain training, usually through workshops or courses on their own C. With such training, individuals can provide a large array of services D. Those who do not have such training, should know some basis so they know when to refer

all

1. Which of the following is NOT a use of intelligence testing? a. To assist in determining giftedness b. To assist in determining mental retardation c. To assist in determining certain types of learning disabilities d. To help understand changes in brain function as a result of accidents, dementia, the aging process, abuse, and disease processes e. Intelligence testing is used for all of these.

In criticizing the Binet Scales created by Alfred Binet, this individual stated that the intelligence test was "a hodgepodge or promiscuous pooling of factors." a. Spearman b. Thurstone c. Vernon d. Cattell e. Gardner

Spearman's two factor approach included: a. a general factor (g) and a specific factor (s). b. fluid, culturally free intelligence and crystallized, learned intelligence. c. the process factors of assimilation and accommodation. d. higher order and lower order intelligence.

Thurstone's model of intelligence is best known for which of the following? a. Differentiating between fluid and crystallized intelligence b. Seven primary abilities that do not combine to make a "g" factor c. A hierarchical model consisting of four levels of factors d. The concepts of accommodation and assimilation e. None of these

Which statement is NOT true about Vernon's Hierarchical Model of Intelligence? a. There were four levels and factors from each lower level contributed to the next level. b. Vernon's top level was comprised of a number of independent factors that mediated all intelligence. c. Level 2 had two major factors: verbal and educational abilities and mechanical-spatial-practical abilities. d. Level 3 is comprised of minor group factors. e. Level 4 is made of specific factors.

Guilford's model of intelligence can best be described by which of the following? a. A circle in which cognitive operations are recycled. b. A parallelogram in which opposing cognitive functions complement understanding and occur simultaneously. c. A cube with three kinds of cognitive ability and different mental abilities will require different combinations of these abilities. d. An abyss in which cognitive functions are embedded in unconscious cognitive structures.

Which of the following is NOT one of Guilford's cognitive abilities? a. Functions or the way that cognitive structures work b. Operations or the processes we use in understanding c. Contents or what we use to perform our thinking process d. Product or the end result of our thinking processes

Cattell's idea that there are two types of main intelligences, crystallized (acquired) and fluid (innate), came from: a. his animosity toward the Eugenics movement and his personal belief that cultural factors and learned behaviors must play a part in intelligence. b. his research on brain activity. c. his research on child development, especially twin studies. d. his observations that as cultural factors were removed from intelligence tests, marked changes were seen in test scores.

Based on Piaget's understanding of cognitive development, he came up with the term assimilation, which is: a. how information is incorporated into existing cognitive structures. b. how we create new cognitive structures and/or behaviors to incorporate new information. c. how the brain creates neuropathways in order to adapt. d. the bio-medical mechanism for understanding learning. e. none of these.

Based on Piaget's understanding of cognitive development, he came up with the term accommodation, which is: a. how information is incorporated into existing cognitive structures. b. how we create new cognitive structures and/or behaviors to incorporate new information. c. how the brain creates neuropathways in order to adapt. d. the bio-medical mechanism for understanding learning. e. none of these.

Which is true about Piaget's understanding of cognitive development? a. His approach was often given the name "gain model" because he examined how intelligence grew as individuals aged. b. He viewed cognitive changes in a process framework. c. He believed that complex cognitive structures had little impact on our understanding of the world. What mattered was our genetics. d. All of these are true. e. None of these are true.

Which of the following is true about Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence? a. It is considered a "dipstick" theory of intelligence — either you have certain intelligences or you don't. b. There is little research to back his statements. c. He relies heavily on the belief that "g" mediates all intelligence. d. Some have criticized his model as being another traditional model that probably adds little. e. He believes that intelligence is vaster and more complex than how we currently measure it.

CH 9 - Intelligence & Cognitive Function Testing Flashcards

(67 cards)