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CSW Study Guide > Ch. 9: France > Flashcards

Ch. 9: France Flashcards

1
Q

Wine Grapes First Brought to France

A

By Greeks & Romans

5th Century – Became associated with Monasteries

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2
Q

French Monasteries Wine Production

A

Burgundy & Champagne regions

Scientific approach

Experimented with grapes, arrangements in vineyards, matching high-quality vines with growing sites

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3
Q

Bordeaux in 12th Century

A

Came under rule of England

Eleanor of Aquitaine married to Henry II

Supplied England with wine

Launched France as leader in wine production

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4
Q

Loire Valley in Middle Ages

A

Home of French nobility

Spurred high wine production

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5
Q

Champagne in Middle Ages

A

East of Paris

Renowned in Paris & London for still Pinot Noir wines

Deliberate introduction of bubbles (Spritz) – commenced at the end of the 17th century

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6
Q

South of France in Middle Ages

A

Longest history of viticulture

Produced wine mostly for local consumption

Blended wines from other regions

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7
Q

Alsace History

A

On border between Germany & France

Alternated control

Retains German tradition

Use of tall, thin “Flute d’Alsace bottles for many wines

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8
Q

France – Mediterranean Coast

A

Warmest part of France

Well suited to grape growing

Largely planted red grapes

Full bodied reds

Large amount of rose

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9
Q

France – Mediterranean Coast Regions

A

Roussillon

Languedoc

Rhone

Provence

Corsica

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10
Q

Western Part of France

A

1/3 of vineyard area located here

Maritime climate

Exposed to Atlantic Ocean

Humidity & rainfall higher

Less sunshine

Cooler summers

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11
Q

Departements

A

Western maritime-influenced counties of France

Then Romans

Spread around the Mediterranean Sea

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12
Q

Bordeaux – Climate & Geography

A

Temps high enough to produce full-bodied wines with significant acidity

Reds dominate

Northern part – cooler, white grapes dominate

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13
Q

France – Central & Northeastern Regions

A

Continental climate

Winters are cold, summers not very hot

South of the northern part – river valleys

White grapes planted a little more than reds

Highly acidic, light- to medium-bodied, low alcohol

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14
Q

France – French Alps

A

Alpine climate

Too cold for grapevines

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15
Q

Vosges Mountains

A

Small mtn range in Northeastern France

Shields vineyards of Alsace

Alsace grapes ripen to a much greater degree

Wines can be high in alcohol

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16
Q

France – Major White Grape Varieties

A

Ugni Blanc

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

Melon

Semillon

Chenin Blanc

Muscat

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17
Q

Ugni Blanc

A

Most widely planted white grape in France

Used almost exclusively for making brandy (Cognac & Armagnac)

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18
Q

Chardonnay

A

Grown throughout France

Primarily known for Burgundy & Champagne

More acreage in Languedoc-Roussillon than Champagne

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19
Q

Sauvignon Blanc

A

Leading white grape of Bordeaux and Eastern Loire Valley

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20
Q

Melon

A

Primarily grown in Western Loire Valley

Small amounts in Beaujolais, etc.

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21
Q

Semillon

A

Primarily grown in Bordeaux and Southwest France

Also in Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence

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22
Q

Chenin Blanc

A

Primarily grown in Loire Valley

Anjou-Saumur & Touraine

Wide range of styles – dry, sweet, & sparkling

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23
Q

Muscat

A

Mainly grown in South of France

Primarily used for sweet & fortified wines

Majority of plantings are Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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24
Q

France – Major Red Grape Varieties

A

Merlot

Cab Sav

Cab Franc

Grenache

Syrah

Pinot Noir

Carignan

Gamay

Cinsault

Meunier

Mouvedre

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25
Q

Merlot

A

Most widely planted in France

Found in most winegrowing parts

151k acres in Bordeaux

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26
Q

Cab Sav

A

More than half of Cab Sav in France grown in Bordeaux

Smaller plantings in other parts

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27
Q

Cab Franc

A

Leading grape of Loire Valley

Minor grape in Bordeaux

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28
Q

Grenache

A

Primarily found in South of France

Needs warmer climate

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29
Q

Grenache is an Important Ingredient In…

A

Southern Rhone blends

Wines of Languedoc-Roussillon

Wines of Corsica

Wines of Provence

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30
Q

Syrah

A

Warm climate

Mainly associated with Rhone Valley

Extensive plantings elsewhere

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31
Q

Syrah also Planted In…

A

Corsica

Provence

Southwest France

Langedoc-Roussillon

32
Q

Pinot Noir

A

Cool climate

Red grape of Burgundy

One of two red grapes of Champagne

Main red grape of Alsace and Eastern Loire

33
Q

Carignan

A

Warm climate

South of France

Corsica

34
Q

Gamay

A

Primarily found in Beaujolais

Small growths in Loire Valley

35
Q

Cinsault

A

Throughout South of France and Corsica

Used as a blending grape in rose

36
Q

Meunier

A

Pinot Meunier

Secondary red grape variety of Champagne

37
Q

Mouvedre

A

Warm climate

Rhone Valley

Languedoc-Roussillon

Corsica

Provence

38
Q

French Wine Laws – History

A

First country to devise a national system for legally protecting & restricting use of place names

Early 20th century

I’Origine et de la Qualite (INAO)

39
Q

French Wine Laws – Basics

A

Mandate or prohibit a variety of procedures for wineries that plan to use a protected appellation – place-name

Geographic boundaries are defined

List of approved grape varieties

Viticultural & winemaking practices specified

40
Q

If a French Wine Doesn’t Meet Standards for Appellation…

A

Labeled with another, usually larger, appellation

Or with lower classification category

41
Q

Tiers of French Wine

A

Vin

Vin de Pays

Appellation d’ Origene Controlee (AOC)

42
Q

Vin

A

Entry level of French wine

Also known as vin de table

Few specific regulations

As long as the grapes come from France – labeled as Vin de France

43
Q

Vin de Pays

A

Second tier of French wine

Accounts for more than 1/3 of French wine

Also labeled as Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP)

Few restrictions

85% of grapes must come entirely from within the boundaries of one delimited vin de pays regions

44
Q

IGP Levels of Geographic Specificity

A

Regional

Departmental

Zone

45
Q

Regional IGP – Eight Designations

A

Pays d’Oc IGP

Val de Loire IGP

Comtes Rhodaniens IGP

Mediterranee IGP

Comte Tolosan IGP

L’Atlantique IGP

Terres du Midi IGP

Ile-de-France IGP

46
Q

Pays d’Oc IGP

A

Best known of the IGPs

Covers western part of French Mediterranean coast

Languedoc-Roussillon

47
Q

Val de Loire IGP

A

Covers Loire Valley & Chablis

48
Q

Comtes Rhodaniens IGP

A

Northern Rhone Valley & Savoie

49
Q

L’Atlantique IGP

A

Bordeaux

Dordgne

Charentais

50
Q

Terres du Midi IGP

A

Certain blended wines produced in Languedoc-Roussillon

51
Q

Ile-de-France IGP

A

North-central part of France

Paris & surrounding areas

52
Q

Departmental IGPs

A

28

Boundaries match political boundaries of French counties

53
Q

Vin de Pays Zone IGPs

A

Smaller, locally specific areas

Often named after historic or geographical feature of the area

54
Q

Appellation d’ Origene Controlee (AOC)

A

Top tier of French wine

“Name of controlled origin” category

Includes many of the great wines

Restrictive regulations

Ensures French place-name wine indicates wine of quality

More than 300 AOCs

Produce just under half of all French wine

55
Q

Bordeaux – General

A

Among the world’s most famous wine regions

High quality, long-lived, expensive

Makes 61 million cases annually

12th in global producers if it were a separate country

Almost all its wine qualifies for AOC stats – ¼ of all French AOC

56
Q

Bordeaux – Geography & Climate

A

Region surrounds the city of Bordeaux

Southwestern France

City is on the Left Bank

Proximity to Atlantic makes it a maritime climate

Climate is tempered due to protective barrier of Landes Forest on western coast

Blending two or more varieties not mandated but common

57
Q

Waterways Near Bordeaux

A

Two rivers – Garonne & Dordogne

Meet to form Gironde – flows into Atlantic

Divide Bordeaux into three sections

58
Q

Sections of Bordeaux

A

Left Bank – West of Garonne & Gironde

Right Bank – East and north of Dordogne & Gironde

Entre-Deux-Mers – Between Garonne & Dordogne

59
Q

Medoc

A

Area of Left Bank north of Bordeaux city

60
Q

Graves

A

Area of Left Bank south and west of Bordeaux city

61
Q

Libourne

A

Main town on Right Bank of Dordogne

62
Q

Bordeaux – Red Grape Varieties

A

85% are red grapes

Merlot

Cab Sav

Cab Franc

Also Malbec, Petit Verdot, & Carmenere

63
Q

Bordeaux – Merlot

A

Most planted red grape in Bordeaux

Mostly on Right Bank and Entre-Deux-Mers region

64
Q

Bordeaux – Cab Sav

A

2nd most planted red grape

Mostly concentrated on Left Bank

65
Q

Bordeaux – Cab Franc

A

3rd most planted red grape

66
Q

Bordeaux – White Grape Varieties

A

Sav Blanc

Semillon

Muscadelle (minor)

Sav Gris (minor)

Colombard

Ugni Blanc

Merlot Blanc

67
Q

Bordeaux – April 2021

A

Six new red and two new white varieties approved for limited use in Bordeaux & Bordeaux Superieur AOCs

Arinarnoa (red)

Castets (red)

Marselan (red)

Touriga Nacional (red)

Albarino (white)

Lilorila (white)

68
Q

Bordeaux Wine Style

A

Known primarily for dry reds

85% of total production

Also dry & luscious sweet white wines

Rose and sparkling wines in limited amounts

69
Q

Bordeaux Wine Styles List

A

Basic red Bordeaux

Higher-end Right Bank reds

Higher-end Left Bank reds

Dry white wines

Sweet White Wines

70
Q

Basic Red Bordeaux Style

A

Made for everyday drinking

Based on Merlot

Grown in Entre-Deux-Mers

Peripheral areas of Right Bank

Good quality

Don’t have complexity or age worthiness of expensive counterparts

71
Q

Higher-end Right Bank Red Bordeaux Style

A

Central areas of Right Bank around St-Emilion

Top-quality, long-lived reds

Contribution of all three major red varieties

Merlot lead grape of blends

72
Q

Higher-end Left Bank Red Bordeaux Style

A

Medoc on Left Bank

Made with a majority of Cab Sav

Expensive

Require careful handling, ling storage before release

Considered some of the world’s finest

73
Q

Dry White Wine Bordeaux Style

A

Generally from Sav Blanc

Minority of Semillon

Majority from Entre-Deux-Mers

Some from Graves, Pessac-Leognan

74
Q

Sweet White Wine Bordeaux Style

A

Sauternes on Left Bank

Normally Semillon-based

Small amount of Sav Blanc

Harvested late to achieve highest possible sugar level

Sometimes botrytis

Thick, intensely sweet, and honeyed character (if botrytized)

75
Q
A

CSW Study Guide (9 decks)

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