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CSW Study Guide > Ch. 8 Intro to the World Wine Industry > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Intro to the World Wine Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Global Vineyards in Europe

A

56% are in Europe

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2
Q

Wine Industry Consists of…

A

Producers (grape growers, wine makers)

Distributors (distributors, brokers, exporters, importers)

Retailers (shop owners, sommeliers, buyers, sales staff, restauranteurs, supermarkets, online retailers)

Allied business and individuals (equipment manufacturers, lab techs, wine writers, auction houses, plant nurseries, ad agencies, event planners, trade organizations, wine educators)

Consumers

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3
Q

First Alcoholic Beverage to Incorporate Fermented Grapes

A

7000 BC

Jiahu, China

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4
Q

Wine from Vinifera Grapes – First Appearance

A

Caucasus Mountains in Western Asia

Spread into Eastern Europe & Middle East

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5
Q

European Strongholds of Wine

A

Greece

Then Romans

Spread around the Mediterranean Sea

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6
Q

Catholic Church

A

Continued wine growing after Roman empire fell

Religious purposes

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7
Q

The Renaissance

A

Winemaking grew and expanded beyond monestaries

Became major agricultural activity

Could be transported only to short distances

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8
Q

Expansion of Ocean Travel

A

Sailors found that fortified wines survived voyages better than unfortified wines

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9
Q

Earliest New World Vineyards

A

Colonists brought Euro wines to the New World

Latin America – Spanish Catholic monasteries

19th Century – Expanded by other Euro immigrants

Argentina, Chile, & CA

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10
Q

Phylloxera

A

1860s

Root louse

Native to Eastern US

Brought inadvertently to Europe

Killed grapevines

First in France, then Europe, then rest of the world

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11
Q

Prohibition

A

1920

Outlawed wine production

Wine trade suffered

Repealed in 1933

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12
Q

Traditional Heavyweights in Winemaking

A

Italy

France

Spain

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13
Q

Total Volume of Wine Produced Throughout the World in 2022

A

65% in Europe

10% in S. America

10% in N. America

6% in Asia

5% in Oceana

4% in Africa

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14
Q

Top Six Countries – Total Vineyard Acreage

A

China

Spain

France

Turkey

U.S.

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15
Q

Net Exporters of Wine

A

Australia & Chile

Produce more wine than they consume

Need to find markets in other countries

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16
Q

Wine Region Delineations

A

Political

Viticultural

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17
Q

Political Regions

A

Administrative districts of various sizes

Nations

States

Provinces

Counties

Towns

Communes

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18
Q

Viticultural Regions

A

Based on environmental features

Terroir

Traditional winemaking practices

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19
Q

Appellations or Geographic Indications (GI)

A

Officially sanctioned wine regions

Agreements among governments

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20
Q

Smaller Appellations

A

Based on terroir

Uniform climate

Topography

Soil structure

Wines should conform to a certain standard

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21
Q

Larger Appellations

A

More variability in physical conditions

Less predictive of character of wines

22
Q

Protections of Official Appellations

A

Restrict use of a place name to the actual site – prevents other locations from profiting from the name or damaging reputation.

Put certain limitations on what producers in the designated region can do

23
Q

Appellations Outside of Europe

A

Less restrictive

Define boundaries of geographic place of origin

No restrictions on grape varieties or wine style

24
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Australia

A

Geographical indication

25
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – France

A

Appellation d’Origine Controlee

26
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Germany

A

Qualitztswein, Pradikatswein

27
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Greece

A

Onomasia Proelefseos Anoteras Poiotitos, Topikos Oinos

28
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Italy

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita, Indicazione Geografica Tipica

29
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Portugal

A

Denominacao de Origem Controlada

30
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – South Africa

A

Wine of Origin

31
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – Spain

A

Denominacion de Origen, Vino de Pago

32
Q

Legally Defined Wine Regions – U.S.

A

American Viticutural Area

33
Q

European Union

A

Closest thing to multinational control over wine trade

34
Q

EU Wine Laws

A

Three tiered structure of quality

35
Q

EU Three Tiers

A

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)

Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

Wine

36
Q

EU Tier – PDO

A

Highest quality of tier

Wine made entirely from grapes grown in clarly defined region after which they are made

37
Q

PDO Parameters

A

Delimited boundaries

Maximum yields

Permitted grape varieties

Defined viticultural practices

Allowed enological practices

Predominant analytical and organoleptic characteristics

38
Q

EU Tier – PGI

A

Second tier of quality

Produced from a registered region or specific place

Typically larger and more heterogeneous

39
Q

PGI Parameters

A

At least 85% or grapes must come from defined geographical area after which it’s named

The wine must be produced in this geographical area

Rules are less restrictive than PDO

Don’t need to be typical of the region

40
Q

PGI Wine Labeled with Varietal Name

A

Minimum of 85% of named variety

41
Q

PGI Wine Labeled with Vineyard Name

A

100% of grapes harvested exclusively from named vineyard

42
Q

EU Tier – Wine

A

Produced via general EU specifications

43
Q

Wine Tier

A

Table wines w/o geographical indication more specific than a single country

Grapes may be sourced from anywhere within a country or the EU

85% of a named variety or vintage – can be labeled with varietal name and vintage date

44
Q

EU Wine Labelling Laws

A

Wines are required to state the wine’s category and it’s place of origin (as permitted)

45
Q

Most important EU Labelling Requirements – Protected Place-Name Stated

A

Wine must be entirely from that region for PDO wines/85% for PGI

45
Q

Most important EU Labelling Requirements – Vintage Date Stated

A

85% of the wine must be from that year

46
Q

Most important EU Labelling Requirements – Single Grape Variety Stated

A

85% of wine must be from that variety

47
Q

Most important EU Labelling Requirements – 2+ Grape Varieties Stated

A

100% of wine must be from those varieties

Must be listed in descending order of content

48
Q

EU Labelling Terms for Sparkling Wine

A

Quality Sparkling Wine

Sparkling Wine

Aerated Sparkling Wine

49
Q

Quality Sparkling Wine EU Label

A

CO2 produced wholly by secondary fermentation in the bottle

Subject to disgorgement

A minimum of nine months aging on the lees

50
Q

Sparkling Wine EU Label

A

Must contain minimum of 3 atm of pressure

CO2 may come via first or second fermentation

May not be injected

51
Q

Aerated Sparkling Wine EU Label

A

Derived from addition of CO2

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