Ch 9- enhancing your cardiovascular health Flashcards
impact of CVD in the US
directly related to 33.6% of deaths
cause of 1 out of 2 deaths
good news:
between 1997 and 2007, death rates form CVD declined 28.7%
due to canging lifestyles and medical advances in diagnosis and treatment
cardiovascular
cardio= heart vascular= blood vessels
arteries
away
veins
towards
capillaries
smalles extension of the vascular system
the heart
4-chambered
upper chambers atria
lower chambers- ventricles
septum= divided left and right sides
heart attack
also known as:
myocardial infraction
diseased coronary arteries
blood
average adult= 5 quarts of blood
functions:
transportation- nutrients/O/hormones/meds/infections
regulation of water content
maintain appropriate pH balance of body fluids
regulation of body temp
prevention of blood loss- clot or coagulate (scab)
protection against toxins and micro organisms
cardiovascular risk factors
increase likelihood it could occur
attributes a person has or will be exposed to
cardiovascular risk factors you can’t change:
could encourage you to make a serious commitment to the risk factors you can change increasing age -heart disease develops gradually -rare in 20s and 30s -81% of heart attack= age 65+ male gender -higher risk than females before 55 -hormone- estrogen= protection -after menopause= similar rates heredity -genetic predisposition -as a group african americans are at an increased risk of high blood pressure
cardiovascular risk factors you can change
cigarette smoking and second hand smoke
-smokers have a 2-4 times higher risk of heart attack
-second hand smoke= 30% risk of heart disease death
-former smokers (pack or less a day)= within 3 years same risk as a nonsmoker
physical inactivity
-regular aerobic exercise= beneficial
30 minutes/day 5 days a week= decrease heart disease risk
blood cholesterol
high blood pressure
-hypertension “silent killer”
-systolic= highest pressure
-diastolic= lowest pressure
diabetes mellitus
-increased risk of heart and blood vessel diseases
-65% of diabetics die of heart disease
-abnormal cholesterol and blood fat
obesity and overweight
-abdominal fat= strain on heart
-influences blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels
-obesity= trigger diabetes in predisposed people
metabolic syndrome
3 or more of the following risk factors:
- abdominal obesity
- abnormal blood lipids
- elevated blood pressure
- elevated fasting glucose
- 2X as likely to develop heart disease
contributing cardiovascular risk factors
individual response to stress
sex hormones
oral contraceptives
alcohol (too much)
6 forms of cardiovascular disease
coronary heart disease hypertension stroke congenital heart disease rheumatic heart disease congestive heart failure
coronary heart disease
- damage to vessels that supply blood to the heart
- atherosclerosis- plaque build up on inner-walls of arteries
- angina pectoris- coronary arteries become narrowed- reduced oxygen supply
- arrhythmia
hypertension
high blood pressure
stroke
cerebrovascular accidents- results from blood vessel damage to the brain
congenital heart disease
defect present at birth
rheumatic heart disease
final stage in a series of complications started by strep throat
congestive heart failure
heart lacks strength to circulate blood normally throughout the body
thorax
The chest; the portion of the torso above the diaphragm and with the rib cage
coronary arteries
vessels that supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle tissue
cardiac muscle
specialized muscle tissue that forms the middle (muscular) layer of the heart wall
low-density lipoprotein
the type of lipoprotein that transports the largest amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream; high levels of LDL are related to heart disease
