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Health Science > Ch 9- enhancing your cardiovascular health > Flashcards

Ch 9- enhancing your cardiovascular health Flashcards

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1
Q

impact of CVD in the US

A

directly related to 33.6% of deaths
cause of 1 out of 2 deaths
good news:
between 1997 and 2007, death rates form CVD declined 28.7%
due to canging lifestyles and medical advances in diagnosis and treatment

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2
Q

cardiovascular

A 
cardio= heart
vascular= blood vessels
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3
Q

arteries

A

away

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4
Q

veins

A

towards

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5
Q

capillaries

A

smalles extension of the vascular system

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6
Q

the heart

A

4-chambered
upper chambers atria
lower chambers- ventricles
septum= divided left and right sides

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7
Q

heart attack

A

also known as:
myocardial infraction
diseased coronary arteries

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8
Q

blood

A

average adult= 5 quarts of blood
functions:
transportation- nutrients/O/hormones/meds/infections
regulation of water content
maintain appropriate pH balance of body fluids
regulation of body temp
prevention of blood loss- clot or coagulate (scab)
protection against toxins and micro organisms

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9
Q

cardiovascular risk factors

A

increase likelihood it could occur

attributes a person has or will be exposed to

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10
Q

cardiovascular risk factors you can’t change:

A 
could encourage you to make a serious commitment to the risk factors you can change
increasing age
-heart disease develops gradually
-rare in 20s and 30s
-81% of heart attack= age 65+
male gender
-higher risk than females before 55
-hormone- estrogen= protection
-after menopause= similar rates
heredity
-genetic predisposition
-as a group african americans are at an increased risk of high blood pressure
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11
Q

cardiovascular risk factors you can change

A

cigarette smoking and second hand smoke
-smokers have a 2-4 times higher risk of heart attack
-second hand smoke= 30% risk of heart disease death
-former smokers (pack or less a day)= within 3 years same risk as a nonsmoker
physical inactivity
-regular aerobic exercise= beneficial
30 minutes/day 5 days a week= decrease heart disease risk
blood cholesterol
high blood pressure
-hypertension “silent killer”
-systolic= highest pressure
-diastolic= lowest pressure
diabetes mellitus
-increased risk of heart and blood vessel diseases
-65% of diabetics die of heart disease
-abnormal cholesterol and blood fat
obesity and overweight
-abdominal fat= strain on heart
-influences blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels
-obesity= trigger diabetes in predisposed people

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12
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

3 or more of the following risk factors:

  • abdominal obesity
  • abnormal blood lipids
  • elevated blood pressure
  • elevated fasting glucose
  • 2X as likely to develop heart disease
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13
Q

contributing cardiovascular risk factors

A

individual response to stress
sex hormones
oral contraceptives
alcohol (too much)

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14
Q

6 forms of cardiovascular disease

A 
coronary heart disease
hypertension
stroke
congenital heart disease
rheumatic heart disease
congestive heart failure
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15
Q

coronary heart disease

A
  • damage to vessels that supply blood to the heart
  • atherosclerosis- plaque build up on inner-walls of arteries
  • angina pectoris- coronary arteries become narrowed- reduced oxygen supply
  • arrhythmia
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16
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

17
Q

stroke

A

cerebrovascular accidents- results from blood vessel damage to the brain

18
Q

congenital heart disease

A

defect present at birth

19
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

final stage in a series of complications started by strep throat

20
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart lacks strength to circulate blood normally throughout the body

21
Q

thorax

A

The chest; the portion of the torso above the diaphragm and with the rib cage

22
Q

coronary arteries

A

vessels that supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle tissue

23
Q

cardiac muscle

A

specialized muscle tissue that forms the middle (muscular) layer of the heart wall

24
Q

low-density lipoprotein

A

the type of lipoprotein that transports the largest amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream; high levels of LDL are related to heart disease

25
Q

High-density lipoprotein

A

the type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol for the bloodstream to the liver, where it is eventually removed from the body; high levels of HDL are related to reduction in heart disease

26
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

drugs that prevent sartorial spasms; used in the control of blood pressure and the long-tern management of angina pectoris

27
Q

beta blockers

A

drugs that reduce the workload of the heart, which decreases occurrence of angina pectoris and helps control blood pressure

28
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgical procedure designed to improve blood flow to the heart by providing new routes for blood to take around points of blockage

29
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

any of a group of procedures used to treat patients suffering form an obstruction in an artery; typically involves inserting a slender, balloon tipped tube into an artery of the heart

30
Q

stent

A

a device inserted inside a coronary artery during a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) tok provident the artery form narrowing at that site

31
Q

systolic pressure

A

blood pressure against blood vessels walls when the heart contracts

32
Q

diastolic pressure

A

blood pressure against blood vessel walls when the heart relaxes

33
Q

retinal hemorrhage

A

uncontrolled bleeding from arteries within the eye’s retina

34
Q

salt sensitivity

A

term used to describe people who’s bodies overreact to the presences of sodium by retaining fluid and thus experience an increase in blood pressure

35
Q

cerebrovascular occlusions

A

blockages to arteries supplying blood to the cerebral blood vessels

36
Q

computed axial tomogram (CT) scan

A

an x-ray procedure designed to illustrate structures within the body that would not normally be seen through conventional x-ray procedures

37
Q

magnetic resonance imaging scan

A

an imaging procedure that uses a powerful magnet to generate images of body tissues

38
Q

peripheral artery disease

A

(PAD) atherosclerotic blockages that occur in the arteries that supply blood to the legs and arms

Health Science (10 decks)

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