Ch 7 making decisions about drug and alcohol use Flashcards
1
Q
drug
A
substance that kills germs
affects body function or sturcture
2
Q
psychoactive drug
A
- any substance capable of altering feelings, moods, or perceptions
- sensory perceptions- thought processes behavior
- Impaired judgement- say/do things that are not atypical
3
Q
drug use
A
general term
describes drug-taking behavior
4
Q
Reasonable ingestion
A
6 examples: ritual use ceremonial use utilitarian use medical use social use private/personal use
5
Q
ritual use of drugs
A
purpose of sharing in a religious right
6
Q
ceremonial use of drugs
A
participating in a social gesture/act prescribed by custom or etiquette
7
Q
Utilitarian use drugs
A
practical or pragmatic purpose
8
Q
medical use of drugs
A
curing disease
controlling disease symptoms
9
Q
social use of drugs
A
enhancing communication/relationships in social situations
10
Q
private/personal use of drugs
A
purpose of pleasant changes of feelings, mood, or mind
11
Q
uses of drugs are reasonable if
A
defined, beneficial purpose
contributes to a person’s well- being
12
Q
chemical dependency
A
two components:
drug use can cause problems
person continues to use
13
Q
drug misuse
A
inappropriate use of legal drugs intended to be medications
14
Q
dependence
A
need to continue using a drug
15
Q
psychological dependence
A
craving emotional reasons maintain a sense of well-being habituation tendency to relapse
16
Q
physiological dependence
A
body adapts to drugs if presence
cessation of drug use= withdrawal
withdrawal = consistent set of symptoms that appears after discontinuing drug use
addiction
17
Q
process of addiction
A
- exposure- feels good/replaces unpleasant feeling
- compulsion-repeated exposure despite negative consequences; avoid withdrawal
- loss of control- cannot control behavior; makes life worse
18
Q
process of dependence
A
- relief phase= escape
- increased use phase= take greater quantities
- preoccupation phase= constant concern, “normal behavior”
- dependency phase= physical symptoms= dependence addiction
- withdrawal phase= symptoms when abstinent
19
Q
types of drug users
A
experimenters
compulsive
floaters/chippers
20
Q
experimenters
A
initial stage of drug use
often use= recreational purposes
21
Q
compulsive users
A
insatiable (uncontrollable/constant) attraction to drugs
psychological dependence
inability to cope without using drugs
22
Q
4 principles of psychoactive drugs
A
- drugs, per se, ate not good or bad (it is how we use them that is good/bad)
- every drug has multiple effects
- both the size and the quality of a drug’s effect depend on the amount the individual had taken
- the effect of any psychoactive drug depends on the individual’s history and expectations
23
Q
why can’t we stop drug abuse
A
supply and demand
substances will never disappear
we accept alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
24
Q
why is drug abuse an important issue?
A
wide spread use form 1960's- present drugs are more potent now than in the past drugs are commonplace endangers the future if a society use/dealing= major factor of a society risk of injury= greater
25
people use drugs because
```
drugs make them feel good
they may relieve stress or tension
peer pressure
they may enhance religious or mystical experiences
they relieve pain and symptoms
```
26
Predisposing factors
enhancing susceptibility/likelihood of beginning a behavior
EX: experimentation of adolescence, personal psychological characteristics, curiosity, cope with stress, societal changes and conflicts, heredity
27
enabling factors
facilitate or make possible drug use
| EX: availability, accessibility, social norms, drug effects, enabling
28
reinforcing factiors
encourage beginning or repetition of a behavior
| EX: pleasant experience, functional aspects, social/peer group influence and approval, advertising/media
29
categories of drinkers
```
not all drivers if into one category
persons may display more than one patter in their lifetime
abstainers
social drinkers
problem drinkers
```
30
abstainers
about 1/3 of US adults
| reason for abstaining form alcohol can vary greatly
31
social drinkers
majority of drinkers
no serious consequences
cessation of alcohol use is not a problem
32
problem drinkers
continued use despite social work, psychological, or physical problems related to drinking
drink in dangerous situations
adverse effects from single bouts of drinking or effects of persistent alcohol use
33
alcoholics
physical and psychological dependence impede ability to control drinking behavior
34
causes of alcoholism
genetics, environmental
35
genetics
adoption study was held
| genetic predisposition does not mean predestination, but does increase likelihood
36
environmental
```
cultural and group nobs
peer influences
expectancies about alcohol effec-ts
family influences
reinforcing anxiety-reducing effects
```
37
type 1 alcoholics
complex interplay between genetics and environmental influences
onset after age 25
drinking pattern= guilt and loss of control over drinking, can abstain for a time
personality is anxious, shy, pessimistic, novelty seeking, reward dependence
38
type 2 alcoholics
high genetic connection between father and son
minor environmental association
sunsets before 25
aggressive behavior, quick to anger, frequent lights
frequent alcohol consumption
39
Jelinek's categories of alcoholism
the greek alphabet categories
40
alpha alcoholism
psychological reliance on alcohol to relieve physical and psychological pain
problem drinking
41
beta alcoholism
social dependence on alcohol
no dependence
no withdrawal symptoms
unhealthy drinking
42
gamma alcoholism
```
emotional and psychological impairment
psychological and physical dependence
loss of control
withdrawal symptoms
most prevalent form of alcoholism in America
```
43
delta alcoholism
maintenance drinker
cannot abstain for even a day or two
they are impaired, but never freak during their waking hours
44
epsilon alcoholism
binge drinker
loss of control over amount consumed
physical and psychological dependence
45
zeta alcoholism
moderate drinker who pecans abusive and violent
| may not be addicted to alcohol
46
alcoholism: the disease
```
primary
chronic
disease
progressive
fatal
impaired control
advers consequences
denial
```
47
intoxication
dysfunctional and disruptive changes in physiological and psychologic functioning, mood, and cognitive processes resulting from the consumption of a psychoactive substances
48
cross-tolerance
transfer of tolerance form one drug to another within the same general category
49
process addictions
addictions in which people compulsively engage in behaviors such as gambling, shopping, gaming, or sexual activity to such an extreme degree that these addictions cause serious financial, emotional, social, and health problems similar to those resulting from drug and alcohol addictions
50
dose-response curve
the size of the effect of a drug on the body related to the amount of the drug administered
51
threshold dose
the least amount of a drug the have an observable effect on the body
52
stimulants
psychoactive drugs that stimulate the function of the central nervous system
53
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder in which a person had a recurrent, overwhelming, and uncontrollable desire to sleep
54
ADHD
above-normal rate of physical movement; often accompanied by an inability to concentrate on a specified task; also called hyperactivity
55
hallucinogens
psychoactive drugs capable of producing hallucinations
56
FDA Schedule 1
a list of drugs that have a high potential for abuse but no medical use
57
metabolite
a breakdown product of a drug
58
amotivational syndrome
behavioral pattern characterized by lack of interest in productive activities
59
narcotics
opiates; psychoactive drugs derived from the oriental poppy plant. relieve pain and induce sleep
60
shock
profound collapse of many vital body functions; evident during acute alcohol intoxication and other health emergencies
