Ch. 9 - Eating Disorders Flashcards
% of women who meet qualifications for anorexia nervosa
0.5-3.7%
% of women who meet criteria for bulimia nervosa
1.1 - 4.2%
% women who meet criteria for binge eating disorder
2-5%
% of those diagnosed with AN and BN who are males
5-15%
% of those diagnosed with BED who are males
35%
Non-binary individuals
- recent studies show a higher prevalence rate (3x) than gender binary individuals (female sex at birth have higher risk) (trans individuals have 4x risk)
- eating disorder is coping mechanism
% onset by age 20
86%
age 9
31% girls fear becoming overweight
age 15
81% fear
Sub-clinical syptoms
have some symptoms but don’t meet criteria
normative discontent
it’s normal to be discontent with appearance
% women who overestimate size
95%
% women who find fault
85%
how much is spent annually on items focused on weight loss
33-55 billion
Anorexia Nervosa DSM-5 criteria
- refusal to maintain 85% body weight
- intense fear of weight gain
- body distortions
- amenhorrea 3 or more cycles
eating disorders
obsessed with food, develop for a reason (to solve a problem)
body disortions
believe they look different than they actually do
amenhorrea
no period
warning signs of anorexia nervosa (not listed symptoms)
- excessive weight loss
- pursuit of thinness
- disorted body image
- hyperactivity, exercise
- intense fear of weight
- food habits/preoccupation
- depression, social isolation
- high control needs
excessive weight loss
hide food
pursuit of thinness
the more ppl link weightloss to happiness, no set goal
disorted body image
frontal lobe not working (lack of nutrients)
hyperactivity, exercise
have as much energy as everyone else
intense fear of weight
live on scale, will call in sick
depression, social isolation
fear they’ll lose control
anorexia nervosa cycle
drive for thin > starve > food preoccupation > anxiety (fear they’ll lose control, reinforces drive for thinness) > starve > drive for thin
Bulimia Nervosa DSM-5 Criteria
- recurrent binge eating
- feeling of a lack of control over eating
- purging (vomiting, laxatives)
- overconcern w/ shape/weight
recurrent binge eating
2x wk for 3 months
feeling of lack of control over eating
don’t stop eating when full - emotional need
Warning signs of bulimia nervosa
- eating in secrecy
- isolation after meals
- weight fluctuations
- store of laxatives, water pills
- 2,000-50,000 cals)
store of laxatives/water pills
ineffective way of shedding weight bc only lose 10% of calories
- vomiting: retain 25% of calories
bulimia nervosa cycle
frustration/binge > relief > fear wt. gain > self-hating > vomit/purge > resolve to fast > hunger/deprive > frustration/binge
how does bulimia usually begin
with a binge to deal with stress
- typically grow up with food as comfort (ex. parents give candy)
- bulimia more common than anorexia
2011 study
50% college students reported binging
6% reported trying to vomiting
8% reported laxatives
- some were suggested by a friend
Binge eating disorder
(harder to identify bc lack of physical symptoms)
- cycles of eating and depression
- use food to cope with emotions
binge-eating disorder cycle
depression > binge to relieve pain > guilt and depression > resolve to stop > depression
risk factors
- sociocultural
- family
- cognitive
- biological
sociocultural
glorify thinness, climate of rejectionism
- no longer unique to western societies, growing influence in other societies
- rise of wealth and consumerism
family
enmeshed (overinvolved), negative feelings are discouraged, lack of boundaries, insecure attachment style
cognitive
lack self regulation of emotions, poor self other boundaries, obsessiveness and perfectionism
biological
genetic predisposition
- bulimia: low serotonin
- anorexia: low dopamine and serotonin
treatment
treat symptoms through cognitive behavioral treatment
- medical intervention: weight gain, meds (antidepressants or antipsychotics)
- intense, treat underlying problem, family or individual
