Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > Ch. 6 - Mood disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Mood disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

% worldwide

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mood disorder demographics

A
  1. Gender
  2. Relationship
  3. Age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gender

A

women > men

- women internalize depression, men externalize depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Relationship

A

single women < single men

married women > married men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

single women < single men

married women > married men

A
  1. social standards, men are protectors, need wife
  2. women are homemakers
  3. married men turn to spouse for support, single women have greater support (feel isolated when married)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Age

A

women: 20-29 (spikes in teens
Men: 40 - 49 and old age
Infants: separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rumination disorder

A

babies regurgitate food and eat again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Major depressive disorder symptoms

A

(must be recurrent)

  • 5 or more symptoms in 2 weeks
    1. Mood sx
    2. Cognitive sx
    3. Motivational sx
    4. motor and somatic sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many episodes to have recurrent major depressive disorder

A

2 or more episodes in a 2 month interval (ppl who have had depression are more likely to have recurrent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MDD Mood Sx

A

sad, crying, numbness, helplessness, hopeless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MDD Cognitive Sx

A

low self-esteem, unrealistic guilt, exaggerate seriousness, delusions, memory problems, indecisive, decrease concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ex. MDD cognitive sx

A

worrying that kid will be homeless bc of 1 D on exam > blame themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MDD Motivational Sx

A

anhedonia - loss of interest, social ideation

typical pattern: take long time to fall asleep, wake up early and can’t go back to sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MDD Motor and somatic sx

A

appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance, fatigue, headaches, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2nd to schizophrenia in hospital admits

A

major depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What increases probability of recurrence of episodes

A

number of previous episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

A

quick screening/assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Depressive sx in children

A

somatic problems, irritability, social withdraw, school problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ex. of somatic in children

A

stomach aches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ex of school probs in children

A

low grades, fights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

symptoms of MDD in elderly

A

memory loss, distractibility (mimics dementia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of Major Depression

A
  1. Post-Partum
  2. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
  3. Dysthymia
  4. Mania and Bipolar Disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Post-Partum depression

A

onset w/in 4 weeks after birth

  • affects 10-15% mothers
  • NOT baby blues
  • 28% still affected 1 yr later
  • 5% still affected 4 yrs later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Post-Partum risk factors

A
  1. previous depression
  2. poor/no relationship with partner
  3. weak social support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Post-Partum cause

A

abnormal prenatal hormones

- mothers may not initially feel anything for child (no connection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

fall/winter

increase in appetite and sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cause of SAD

A

serotonin deficiencies in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

treatment of SAD

A

light therapy, antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Dysthymia

A

chronic, mild depression for 2-20 yrs

Criteria: need 2 symptoms of major depression in past 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Double depression

A

dysthymia + major depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mania and Bipolar disorder, symptoms

A

elevated/irritable mood, hyperacctivity, excessive talkativeness, flight of ideas, inflated self-esteem, high distractibility, sleeplessness, involvement in activities w/ painful consequences

32
Q

ex. of involvement in activities w/ painful consequences

A

shopping when you have a lack of money

33
Q

how often must you exhibit mania symptoms to have disorder

A

must exhibit 3 or more symptoms in 1 week

- must be abnormal for the person

34
Q

inflated self-esteem

A

delusionsn (false beliefs) ex. thinking you can fly

35
Q

sleeplessness

A

lack of sleep but still active

36
Q

Manic episode criteria

A
  1. 3 or more symptoms for one week and one of the following:
    - significant impact in occupation/social function
    - need hospitalized to prevent harm
    - presence of psychotic features
37
Q

Hypomanic episode

A
  • 3 or more symptoms for 4 days
  • doesnt exhibit the sig. impact, need for hospitalization, or psychotic features
  • less severe, not severe enough to become threat to someone else or hospitalization
38
Q

Types of Manic Disorders

A
  1. Mania
  2. Bipolar I Disorder
  3. Bipolar II Disorder
  4. Cyclothymia
39
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

mania w/ major depression
- can have all
symptoms of major depression
- often begins late adolescence w/ manic episode
- commonly doesn’t exhibit major depression symptoms prior to 1st manic episode

40
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A
  • involves episodes of hypomania w/ major depression

- rather than mania, ppl often seek treatment for depressive symptoms

41
Q

Cyclothymia

A
  • depression and mania are less severe than Bipolar I/II

- usually 2 yr duration

42
Q

more bipolar info

A
  • rapid cycling: poorer prognosis
  • median age of onset: 25
    higher among SES groups
  • Bipolar I: no sex difference
  • Bipolar II greater in females
43
Q

causes of bipolar disorder

A
  1. heredity
  2. neurotransmitters
  3. role of stress
44
Q

Bipolar causes: heredity

A

MZ twins: 40% likely both have disorder
DZ twins: 5-10 % likely
- you are likely to have another family member with a mood disorder (higher genetic component)

45
Q

Bipolar causes: neurotransmitters

A

many ppl with bipolar disorder have low serotonin and high norepinephrine (clinical challenge to treat both)

46
Q

Bipolar causes: stress

A

can precipitate manic episodes

- children are more likely to develop when parent has frequent episodes

47
Q

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

A
  • use mood stabilizers
    1. Lithium
    2. Anticonvulsants
    3. Antipsychotics
    All work by changing activity within the receiving neuron
48
Q

why aren’t antidepressants used to treat bipolar disorder

A

antidepressants can bring on a manic episode

49
Q

Lithium

A

treats mania and depression

  • slows dopamine and norepinephrine
  • increases serotonin
50
Q

problems with lithium

A

weight gain, tremors

51
Q

Anticonvulsants problems

A

weight gain, drowsiness

52
Q

Theories of depression

A
  1. cognitive theory
  2. learned helplessness
  3. learning model
  4. biological model
53
Q

depression: cognitive theory

A

irrational, illogical beliefs lead to depression

  1. arbitrary inference
  2. selective abstraction
  3. magnification and minimization
54
Q

arbitrary inference

A

conclusions from insufficient evidence

ex. friend blows you off without strong explanation, believe they don’t like you anymore

55
Q

selective abstraction

A

focus on insignificant detail and ignore the important

ex. get report card and focus on one C+ instead of all other B’s

56
Q

magnification and minimization

A

small bad events blow up, minimize larger good events

ex. ignoring an A on an exam

57
Q

Learned helplessness

A
  • perception that behavior has no effect on our experience
  • inescapable (ex. can’t leave relationship/job)
  • hopelessness often occurs
58
Q

Learning model

A

over-reinforcement of depressed behavior and under-reinforcement of non-depressive behavior

59
Q

Biological model

A

neurotransmitter imbalance

- faulty transmission of norepinephrine and serotonin (not enough is getting through)

60
Q

Treatment for Depression

A
  1. antidepressant medication
  2. ECT
  3. Talk Therapies
  4. Psychedelic therapy
61
Q

antidepressant medication

A
  1. tricyclics
  2. MAO inhibitors
  3. SSRI’s
62
Q

Tricyclics

A

act on reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (slow down reuptake process and get more nor and ser through to post synaptic neuron)

63
Q

side effects of tricyclics

A

“anticholinergic effects”: dry mouth, blur vission, disrupt sexual function
“cardiotoxic”: high risk of overdose

64
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

stop MAO enzyme, used for atypical symptoms

- would have to watch diet and avoid foods that increase blood pressure

65
Q

MAO

A

tends to degrade transmitters we want

- need MAO bc it helps control blood pressure

66
Q

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A
  • fewer side effects
67
Q

SNRI (selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

A

used for both ser and nor

  • stops reuptake of ser and nor
  • fewer side effects: sleep probs, headaches, sexual probs
68
Q

Why did the FDA require warnings on SSRI’s

A

effects motivation before mood so depressed people who were previously unmotivated to harm themselves may now have the motivation

69
Q

ECT (electroconvulsive shock treatment)

A

now a valid treatment for severe depression unresponsive to meds
- given 70-130 volts, 6-12 treatments over 1 month
side effects: temporary memory loss, confusion

70
Q

Talk Therapies

A
  1. interpersonal therapy
  2. behavioral therapy
  3. cognitive therapy
71
Q

interpersonal therapy

A

short term, focus on problems people have in relationships, boundaries, self-esteem

72
Q

behavioral therapy

A

helping people display non-depressed symptoms

- focus on social skills training and assertiveness

73
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

teach clients to be own therapist, replace irrational beliefs with rational beliefs

74
Q

Psychedelic therapy

A

involves use of MDMA to treat depression, anxiety, and ptsd

- guided therapeutic session using psychedelics (discuss feelings with drug induced sense of openness and warmth

75
Q

most effective treatment for depression

A

cognative therapy and antidepressants combined

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions