CH. 9 - Communication Disorders in Multicultural Populations

Question 1

what does CLD mean?

Answer 1

culturally and linguistically diverse

Question 2

________ or _______ refers to an error in a student’s second language (L2) that is directly produced by the influence of L1.

Answer 2

interference or transfer

Question 3

some students, when learning an L2, go through a ________ _________ in which there is much listening and comprehension and little output.

Answer 3

silent period

Question 4

silent period can last ..

Answer 4

between 3-6 months

Question 5

what is code-switching?

Answer 5

defined as the alternating or switching between two languages at the word, phrase, or sentence level

Question 6

T/F: code-switching is part of natural bilingual development and is used by normal bilingual speakers worldwide.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

language loss

Answer 7

when L1 is used less frequently and begins to fade out as the child learns their L2.

Question 8

what is CILF

Answer 8

conversational informal language fluency

Question 9

what is FALF

Answer 9

formal academic language fluency

Question 10

t/f: FALF takes longer to develop than CILF

Answer 10

true

Question 11

ecological validity

Answer 11

refers to the extent to which a test reflects the child’s actual, daily environment and life experience.

Question 12

T/F: some Asian languages do not have pronouns

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Do psychometric properties of tests (i.e., validity, reliability, sample sizes, norming populations) carry over to translated tests?

Answer 13

NO!

Question 14

prevalence vs. incidence

Answer 14

prevalence: the current # of individuals (head count)
incidence: the future occurrence of such an event in a population.

Question 15

xu-fang is a 7 yr old girl in an all-English speaking 2nd grade classroom. she spoke mandarin when she arrived to schooling system for kindergarten. teacher worried she is behind–says she gets along fine w/ kids on playground but falls behind in formal schoolwork. what do you recommend

Answer 15

because conversational informal language fluency (CILF) develops faster than formal academic language fluency (FALF), Xu is probably developing in an appropriate manner, and at this time, no evaluation for a possible language impairment is necessary.

Question 16

Which of the following are normal variations of AAE?

a. f/th substitutions in word-final position
b. productions of [axe] instead of ask
c. w/r sustitutions
d. A,B

Answer 16

d. A and B

Question 17

Child speaks AAE and has these substitutions: d/m, f/n, and m/n. You recommend..

Answer 17

to treat this student. the listed substitutions are not commonly found in speakers of AAE so this student has a disorder involving substitutions of other sounds for nasals.

Question 18

which pattern not common for spanish influence?

a. t/th substitutions
b. devoicing of final consonants
c. v/f substitutions
d. j/dj substitutions (yava/java)
e. inserting schwa before word initial s cluster (espend)

Answer 18

c. v/f substitions.
all other options are common for spanish speakers. t/th substitutions (tin/thin); devoicing final consonants (beece/bees); yoke for joke; esleep/sleep (schwa insertion)

Question 19

“I see cat the little” is common for spanish, AAE, or asian speakers?

Answer 19

Spanish! They put the adj after the noun. Strange. (the boy is kicking the ball blue)

Question 20

“Yesterday she cook a pot of soup” spanish AAE or asian

Answer 20

Asian. They delete plurals OFTEN. (cooks become cook; here are two piece of toast; i got five finger on each hand)

Question 21

He done fixed the stove. what type of speaker

Answer 21

AAE. Done combined with a past-tense form to indicate that an action took place in the distant past (similar to already)

Question 22

how should you assess a bilingual child whose teacher expresses concern

Answer 22

DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT.

Question 23

what does dynamic assessment include (what does it evaluate and consist of?)

Answer 23

dynamic assessment is for multicultural populations. a dynamic assessment evaluates a student’s ability to learn when provided with instruction. they are evaluating OVER TIME in a TEST-TEACH-RETEST format. if the child still does poorly then they may have a genuine language-learning disability. Dynamic assessment also involves OBSERVATIONS.

Question 24

RTI is

Answer 24

a type of DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT. it stands for Response To Intervention.

Question 25

________ or _________ tasks circumvent the problem of limited English skills and possible lack of assumed background knowledge.

Answer 25

Working memory or information processing tasks. These are good for CLD kids because this approach does not tap previous linguistic knowledge or background exposure. also NONWORD repetitions tasks are good.