CH. 8 - Neurologically Based Communicative Disorders and Dysphagia Flashcards
A patient with a history of heavy drinking who presents with memory problems, difficulty processing abstract information, and visual-spatial deficits, probably has _____________.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Conduction aphasia is caused by _________.
lesions in the region between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, especially in the supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus.
Among the following standardized tests of aphasia, the one that samples speech and language skills to only a limited extent is
a. the Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia
b. the Porch Index of Communicative Ability
c. the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
d. the Western Aphasia Battery
e. the Functional Living Assessment
b. the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA)
patient is slow to begin walking, then takes short, rapid, shuffling steps. her face is “expression-less” with decreased intelligibility. what does she have most likely?
Parkinson’s disease
a parkinson’s patient would have speech and language characterized by…
- monopitch
- harsh and breathy voice
- short rushes of speech
- imprecise consonants
- respiratory problems
- REDUCED SPEECH VOLUME
other symptoms (not speech/lang related) of a parkinson’s patient includes..
- mask-like face
- slow voluntary movements
- tremors in resting muscles
- disturbed posture
Functional communication tests seek to assess…
communication in natural or everyday situations
Apraxia of speech is often associated with
a. lesions in Broca’s area
b. lesions in Wernicke’s area
c. lesions in subcortical structures
d. lesions in occipital area
e. lesions in cerebellum
a. lesions in Broca’s area
Dysarthria is ..
a speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis
Of the following symptoms, the one associated with dysarthria is
a. even and consistent breakdowns in articulation.
b. impaired syntactic structures.
c. forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech.
d. an invariably slower rate of speech.
c. forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech.
general symptoms of apraxia of speech
- general awareness of speech problems
- significant articulation problems
- problems with volitional speech with relatively intact automatic speech
- more difficulty with consonants than vowels
- intonation and fluency problems
- trial-and-error groping and struggling associated with speech attempts
symptoms typical for TBI
- dysarthria
- confused language
- auditory comprehension problems
- confrontation naming problems
- perseveration of verbal responses
- pragmatic language problems
- reading and writing difficulties
characteristics of DAT (Dementia of Alzheimers type) are..
- poor judgement
- impaired reasoning
- disorientation in new places
- widespread intellectual deterioration
- empty speech
- incoherent, slurred, and rapid speech
- problems in comprehending abstract messages
right hemisphere disorder is characterized by..
- left-side neglect
- difficulty recognizing people until they begin to speak
- difficulty detecting sarcasm and humor in other people’s speech
T/F? A manometric assessment can assess the preparatory phase of the swallow using posterior and lateral plane examinations.
False.
how is an electromyographic assessment conducted?
by attaching electrodes on structures of interest (e.g., oral, laryngeal, or pharyngeal muscles)
A laryngeal examination can be conducted with __________ ____________ or ___________ to inspect the base of tongue, vallecula, epiglottis, pyriform sinuses, vocal folds, and ventricular folds.
indirect laryngoscopy or endoscopy
what is indirect laryngoscopy?
using a rigid fiberoptic laryngoscope (goes through the mouth down the throat) or a rigid video laryngoscope (videostrobe)
what is direct laryngoscopy?
you have to be knocked out (anesthesia)
a videoflourographic assessment (modified barium swallow) can be conducted to evaluate….
oropharyngeal swallow involving lateral and anterior-posterior examinations
T/F: An ultrasound examination can measure oral tongue movement and hyoid movement.
True
If a patient is in the end stages of Alzheimers, the #1 priority is ……
facilitating communication with the staff during daily routines.
Primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include..
parkinson’s patients typically manifest bradykinesia, festination, and cogwheel rigidity.
bradykinesia
means slowness of movement and is one of the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.
festination
is an alteration in gait pattern characterised by a quickening and shortening of normal strides. This phenomenon is most commonly observed in patients with Parkinson’s, and is sometimes known as Parkinsonian gait.
cogwheel rigidity
tension in a muscle that gives way in little jerks when the muscle is passively stretched; seen in parkinson’s disease.
dementia of the alzheimer’s type is caused by ______________ and _____________.
neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.
