CH. 8 - Neurologically Based Communicative Disorders and Dysphagia

Question 1

A patient with a history of heavy drinking who presents with memory problems, difficulty processing abstract information, and visual-spatial deficits, probably has _____________.

Answer 1

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 2

Conduction aphasia is caused by _________.

Answer 2

lesions in the region between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, especially in the supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus.

Question 3

Among the following standardized tests of aphasia, the one that samples speech and language skills to only a limited extent is

a. the Neurosensory Center Comprehensive Examination for Aphasia
b. the Porch Index of Communicative Ability
c. the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
d. the Western Aphasia Battery
e. the Functional Living Assessment

Answer 3

b. the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA)

Question 4

patient is slow to begin walking, then takes short, rapid, shuffling steps. her face is “expression-less” with decreased intelligibility. what does she have most likely?

Answer 4

Parkinson’s disease

Question 5

a parkinson’s patient would have speech and language characterized by…

Answer 5

• monopitch
• harsh and breathy voice
• short rushes of speech
• imprecise consonants
• respiratory problems
• REDUCED SPEECH VOLUME

Question 6

other symptoms (not speech/lang related) of a parkinson’s patient includes..

Answer 6

• mask-like face
• slow voluntary movements
• tremors in resting muscles
• disturbed posture

Question 7

Functional communication tests seek to assess…

Answer 7

communication in natural or everyday situations

Question 8

Apraxia of speech is often associated with

a. lesions in Broca’s area
b. lesions in Wernicke’s area
c. lesions in subcortical structures
d. lesions in occipital area
e. lesions in cerebellum

Answer 8

a. lesions in Broca’s area

Question 9

Dysarthria is ..

Answer 9

a speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis

Question 10

Of the following symptoms, the one associated with dysarthria is

a. even and consistent breakdowns in articulation.
b. impaired syntactic structures.
c. forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech.
d. an invariably slower rate of speech.

Answer 10

c. forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech.

Question 11

general symptoms of apraxia of speech

Answer 11

• general awareness of speech problems
• significant articulation problems
• problems with volitional speech with relatively intact automatic speech
• more difficulty with consonants than vowels
• intonation and fluency problems
• trial-and-error groping and struggling associated with speech attempts

Question 12

symptoms typical for TBI

Answer 12

• dysarthria
• confused language
• auditory comprehension problems
• confrontation naming problems
• perseveration of verbal responses
• pragmatic language problems
• reading and writing difficulties

Question 13

characteristics of DAT (Dementia of Alzheimers type) are..

Answer 13

• poor judgement
• impaired reasoning
• disorientation in new places
• widespread intellectual deterioration
• empty speech
• incoherent, slurred, and rapid speech
• problems in comprehending abstract messages

Question 14

right hemisphere disorder is characterized by..

Answer 14

• left-side neglect
• difficulty recognizing people until they begin to speak
• difficulty detecting sarcasm and humor in other people’s speech

Question 15

T/F? A manometric assessment can assess the preparatory phase of the swallow using posterior and lateral plane examinations.

Answer 15

False.

Question 16

how is an electromyographic assessment conducted?

Answer 16

by attaching electrodes on structures of interest (e.g., oral, laryngeal, or pharyngeal muscles)

Question 17

A laryngeal examination can be conducted with __________ ____________ or ___________ to inspect the base of tongue, vallecula, epiglottis, pyriform sinuses, vocal folds, and ventricular folds.

Answer 17

indirect laryngoscopy or endoscopy

Question 18

what is indirect laryngoscopy?

Answer 18

using a rigid fiberoptic laryngoscope (goes through the mouth down the throat) or a rigid video laryngoscope (videostrobe)

Question 19

what is direct laryngoscopy?

Answer 19

you have to be knocked out (anesthesia)

Question 20

a videoflourographic assessment (modified barium swallow) can be conducted to evaluate….

Answer 20

oropharyngeal swallow involving lateral and anterior-posterior examinations

Question 21

T/F: An ultrasound examination can measure oral tongue movement and hyoid movement.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

If a patient is in the end stages of Alzheimers, the #1 priority is ……

Answer 22

facilitating communication with the staff during daily routines.

Question 23

Primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include..

Answer 23

parkinson’s patients typically manifest bradykinesia, festination, and cogwheel rigidity.

Question 24

bradykinesia

Answer 24

means slowness of movement and is one of the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson’s disease.

Question 25

festination

Answer 25

is an alteration in gait pattern characterised by a quickening and shortening of normal strides. This phenomenon is most commonly observed in patients with Parkinson’s, and is sometimes known as Parkinsonian gait.

Question 26

cogwheel rigidity

Answer 26

tension in a muscle that gives way in little jerks when the muscle is passively stretched; seen in parkinson’s disease.

Question 27

dementia of the alzheimer’s type is caused by ______________ and _____________.

Answer 27

neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.