CH. 2 - Physiological and Acoustic Properties Flashcards
The “Typical” speaker of Standard American English would produce the word emancipation as _____?
imænsəpeɪʃən
The /r/ and /l/ sounds may both be categorized as A. rhotics B. glides C. laterals D. liquids E. retroflexes
D. liquids
A semivowel that can be categorized as a voiced bilabial glide that is +anterior and +continuant is the A. /j/ B. /w/ C. /ʃ/ D. /r/ E. /h/
B. /w/
The term coarticulation refers to
A. speech sounds being modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds to the point that there are perceptible changes in sounds
B. the extent to which vocal tract configurations change shape during the production of consonants and vowels in running speech
C. vocal punctuation, or a combination of suprasegmentals, such as intonation and pausing
D. the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously
D. the influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously
Broad phonemic transcription involves
A. the use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/)
B. the use of diacritical marks to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/)
C. the transcription of allophones by placing them within brackets (e.g., [f])
D. the transcription of allophones by the use of diacritical marks
E. the use of orthographic symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /r/)
A. the use of IPA symbols to transcribe phonemes by enclosing them within slash marks (e.g., /f/)
The two properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are A. amplitude and intensity B. mass and elasticity C. compression and rarefaction D. pressure and force E. elasticity and compression
B. mass and elasticity
A sinusoidal wave is a sound wave A. with horizontal and vertical symmetry B. with one peak and one valley C. with a single frequency D. that is a result of simple harmonic motion E. all of the above
E. all of the above
horizontal and vertical symmetry, with one peak and one valley, with a single frequency, and is a result of simple harmonic motion
A natural frequency is a frequency
A. with which a source of sound vibrates naturally
B. that is unrelated to the mass and stiffness of the vibrating body
C. that is the center frequency of a formant
D. that refers to the simple harmonic motion
E. that is the lowest frequency of a periodic wave
A. with which a source of sound vibrates naturally
An octave is
A. the amount of molecular displacement per unit of time
B. the amount of time between cycles
C. an indication of interval between two frequencies
D. a measure of the magnitude (intensity, strength) of the sound signal
E. the unity of measure for frequency; it is the same as the cycle per second
C. an indication of interval between two frequencies
The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object is referred to as A. oscillation B. amplitude C. velocity D. displacement E. rarefaction
A. oscillation
The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as
A. the fundamental frequency or second harmonic
B. the fundamental frequency or first harmonic
C. the formant frequency or first harmonic
D. the first octave or the fundamental frequency
E. the second octave or the first harmonic
B. the fundamental frequency or first harmonic
When two or more sounds or different frequencies are combined, the result is a
A. complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone may be said to be periodic or aperiodic
B. complex tone; the vibrations are always periodic, where waves repeat themselves at regular intervals
C. pure tone, where the vibrations are usually periodic
D. pure tone, where the vibrations are always aperiodic
E. complex tone; the vibrations are usually aperiodic, where the vibratory patterns are random and the next pattern cannot be predicted from the previous pattern
A. complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone may be said to be periodic or aperiodic
When a speaker is producing a vowel and the vowel is being acoustically analyzed, one can state as a general rules that
A. F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue position (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity)
B. F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F3 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity)
C. F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F3 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity)
D. F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity
E. F3 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity
D. F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement (variation in the anterior to posterior position of the tongue in the oral cavity
In a periodic complex sound, tones that occur over the fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency are called A. complex sinusoidal wave forms B. autocorrelational periodic wave forms C. multiple bandwidths D. tonal configuration forms E. harmonics
E. harmonics
In a periodic complex sound, tones that occur over the fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency are called A. complex sinusoidal wave forms B. autocorrelational periodic wave forms C. multiple bandwidths D. tonal configuration forms E. harmonics
E. harmonics
