Ch 9 Attraction and Close Relationships Flashcards
Loneliness
To feel deprived of human social connections.
Mere exposure effect
The phenomenon whereby the more often people are exposed to a stimulus the more positively they evaluate that stimulus
What-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype
The belief that physically attractive individuals also processed desirable personality characteristics
Matching hypothesis
The proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar in physical attractiveness
Reciprocity
A mutual exchange between what we give and receive- for example, liking those who like us
Hard to get effect
The tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choices over those were more readily available
Intimate relationship
A close relationship between two adults involving emotional attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs, or interdependence
Social exchange theory
A perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their relationships with others
Equity theory
The theory that people are most satisfied with a relationship when the ratio between benefits and contributions is similar for both partners
Exchange relationship
A relationship in which the participants expect and desire strict reciprocity in their interactions
Communal relationship
A relationship in which the participants expect and desire mutual responsiveness to each other’s needs.
attachment style
The way a person typically interacts with significant others
Triangular theory of love
A theory proposing that love has three basic components- intimacy, passion, and commitment – that can be combined to produce eight subtypes
Passionate love
Romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction, and fear of rejection.
Companionate love
A secure, trusting, stable partnership.
Excitation transfer
The process whereby arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus.
self – disclosure
Revelations about the self that a person makes two others.
Sexual orientation
A person’s preference for members of the same sex (homosexuality), opposite sex (heterosexuality), or both sexes (bisexuality).
need for affiliation
The desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships
Social anxiety disorder
Characterized by intense feelings of discomfort in situations that invite public scrutiny
What did Yacov Rofe at propose?
Stress sparks the desire to affiliate, only when being with others is seen as useful in reducing the negative impact of the stressful situation.
What specific benefit the people get from being in the presence of others in times of stress?
Cognitive clarity- information about the imminent threat the face.
What are two perspectives on attraction?
People are attracted to those with whom they can have a relationship that is rewarding.
The evolutionary perspective
What does the evolutionary perspective state?
Human beings all over the world exhibit patterns of attraction and mate selection that favors the conception, birth, and survival of their offspring.
What kinds of records are offered by relationship?
Indirect rewards and direct awards
Direct rewards of a relationship
Attention, support, money, status, etc.
Indirect rewards of a relationship
When it feels good to be with someone who is beautiful, smart, or funny, or who happens to be in our presence when times are good.
What are the three benefits promised by online dating?
1) exposure and access to profiles of potential romantic partners
2) A means of communicating
3) A matching algorithm that brings together users who are likely to be attracted to one another
What are two basic and necessary factors in the attraction process?
The proximity effect and the mere exposure effect
