Ch 10 Helping Others Flashcards
Kin selection
Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in greater likelihood that Jean’s held in common will survive.
Empathy def
Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individuals perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual
Perspective taking
Cognitive component of empathy.
Using imagination to see world through someone else’s eyes.
Empathetic Concern
Emotional component of empathy.
Involves other oriented feelings, such as sympathy, compassion,tenderness.
Prosocial Behaviors
Actions intended to benefit others
Arousal: cost-reward model
The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm
Empathetic joy
The pleasure one has at seeing another person experience relief
Negative state relief model
Proposition that because of this positive effect of helping, people who are feeling bad may be inclined to help others in order to improve their mood.
Courageous resistance
Thoughtful helping in the face of potentially enormous costs.
Egoistic
Motivated by the desire to increase ones own welfare.
Altruistic
Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare b
Empathy Altruism hypothesis
If you perceive someone in need and imagine how that person feels, you’re likely to experience other oriented feelings of empathetic concern, which in turn produce the altruistic motive to reduce the other persons distress.
Pluralistic ignorance
In this state of ignorance, each individual believes that his or her own thoughts and feelings are different from those of other people, when in fact many of the other people are thinking or feeling the same way.
Diffusion of responsibility
The belief that others will or should intervene
Audience inhibition
Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers.
Norm of social responsibility
Dictates that people should help those who need it
Norm of reciprocity
Establishes a strong socially approved standard: people who give to you should be paid back.
The norm of equity
Prescribes that when people are in a situation in which they feel over benefited (receiving more benefits than earned), they should help those who are under benefited (receiving for your benefits than earned).
Advanced moral reasoning
Adhering to moral standards independent of external social controls and taking into account the needs of others when making decisions about courses of action
Implicit social support
Support the comes from just thinking about close others but that does not involve actually seeking or receiving their help in coping with stressful events
