Ch. 9 Acid-Base Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?
a. Albumin
b. Inorganic phosphorus
c. Sodium
d. Lactate
d. Lactate
An anion gap of 16 can be calculated by which of the following scenarios?
a. Sodium 146, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
b. Sodium 140, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
c. Sodium 136, chloride 122, bicarbonate 30 mEq/L
d. Sodium 148, chloride 100, bicarbonate 28 mEq/L
a. Sodium 146, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L
A pH of 7.5 is defined as:
a. alkalosis.
b. acidosis.
c. acidemia.
d. alkalemia.
a. alkalosis.
An example of anion exchange includes:
a. sodium and hydrogen exchange.
b. sodium and chloride exchange.
c. bicarbonate and chloride exchange.
d. hydrogen and bicarbonate exchange.
c. bicarbonate and chloride exchange.
Hypokalemia is often associated with which one of the following conditions?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Hyperchloremia
d. None of the above
a. Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis may be associated with:
a. increased chloride levels.
b. increased metabolic acids.
c. decreased bicarbonate.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Hyperlactatemia due to drug treatment is a complication in which of the following conditions?
a. Salt-losing tubulopathy
b. Cirrhosis
c. AIDS
d. Isonatremic dehydration
c. AIDS
A nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy. The client was found at home unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin lying next to the bed. Vital signs reveal blood pressure 104/72 mm Hg, heart rate 116/min with regular rhythm, and respiratory rate 42/min and deep. Which of the following arterial blood gas findings should the nurse expect?
A) pH 7.68
PaO2 96 mm Hg
PaCO2 38 mm Hg
HCO3− 28 mEq/L
B) pH 7.48
PaO2 100 mm Hg
PaCO2 28 mm Hg
HCO3− 23 mEq/L
C) pH 6.98
PaO2 100 mm Hg
PaCO2 30 mm Hg
HCO3− 18 mEq/L
D) pH 7.58
PaO2 96 mm Hg
PaCO2 38 mm Hg
HCO3− 29 mEq/L
C. CORRECT: An aspirin toxicity would result in arterial blood gas findings of metabolic acidosis.
A nurse is caring for a client who was in a motor‑vehicle accident. The client reports chest pain and difficulty breathing. A chest x‑ray reveals the client has a pneumothorax. Which of the following arterial blood gas findings should the nurse expect?
A) pH 7.06
PaO2 86 mm Hg
PaCO2 52 mm Hg
HCO3− 24 mEq/L
B) pH 7.42
PaO2 100 mm Hg
PaCO2 38 mm Hg
HCO3− 23 mEq/L
C) pH 6.98
PaO2 100 mm Hg
PaCO2 30 mm Hg
HCO3− 18 mEq/L
D) pH 7.58
PaO2 96 mm Hg
PaCO2 38 mm Hg
HCO3− 29 mEq/L
A. CORRECT: A pneumothorax can cause alveolar hypoventilation and increased carbon dioxide levels, resulting in a state of respiratory acidosis.
A nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hr. The nurse should expect which of the following acid‑base imbalances to result from vomiting for 24 hr?
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis
D. CORRECT: Excessive vomiting causes a loss of gastric acids and an accumulation of bicarbonate in the blood, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about conditions related to metabolic acidosis. Which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates the teaching has been effective?
A. “Metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis.”
B. “Metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis.”
C. “Metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma.”
D. “Metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer.”
A. CORRECT: Metabolic acidosis results from an excess production of hydrogen ions, which occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis.
A nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. The client’s arterial blood gases reveal metabolic acidosis. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply.)
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Bounding pulses
D. Hyperreflexia
E. Dysrhythmia
F. Tachypnea
E. CORRECT: Dysrhythmia is an expected finding in a client who has pancreatitis and metabolic acidosis.
F. CORRECT: Tachypnea is an expected finding in a client who has pancreatitis and metabolic acidosis.
