Ch. 19 Degenerative Changes in Aging

Question 1

Genetic influences as the major determinants of aging are the focus of which of the following theories?

a. Developmental theory
b. Stochastic theory
c. Free radical theory
d. Error theory

Answer 1

a. Developmental theory

Question 2

Typical changes in total body water in older people include:

a. increased total body water caused by increase in muscle mass.
b. increased total body water caused by increased fat mass.
c. decreased total body water caused by decrease in muscle mass.
d. decreased total body water caused by decreased fat mass.

Answer 2

c. decreased total body water caused by decrease in muscle mass.

Question 3

Immune senescence is characterized by:

a. increased antigenic immune response.
b. enhanced T-cell function.
c. enhanced IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.
d. enhanced autoimmune response.

Answer 3

d. enhanced autoimmune response.

Question 4

Age-related changes affecting neurologic function include:

a. increased myelin.
b. decreased number of neurons.
c. enhanced nerve conduction.
d. improved axonal repair mechanisms.

Answer 4

b. decreased number of neurons.

Question 5

An imbalance in bone remodeling characteristic of osteoporosis is caused by:

a. enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoclasts.
b. enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoblasts.
c. increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoclasts.
d. increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoblasts.

Answer 5

c. increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoclasts.

Question 6

Age-related changes contributing to impaired healing include:

a. increased skin elasticity.
b. enhanced subcutaneous fat.
c. decreased superficial capillary perfusion.
d. atrophied capillary support to dermis.

Answer 6

d. atrophied capillary support to dermis.

Question 7

Osteoporosis is the result of an imbalance favoring increased:

a. osteoblastic activity.
b. osteoclastic activity.
c. vitamin D absorption.
d. calcium absorption.

Answer 7

b. osteoclastic activity.

Question 8

Mortality for patients with progeria is most commonly a result of:

a. rapid aging.
b. atherosclerosis.
c. scleroderma.
d. psychosis.

Answer 8

b. atherosclerosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic finding in progeria?

a. High levels of hyaluronic acid
b. Low levels of calcitonin
c. High levels of thyroxine
d. Low levels of glutamate

Answer 9

a. High levels of hyaluronic acid

Question 10

Memory loss in Alzheimer disease results from impaired neural conduction in the:

a. frontal lobe.
b. basal ganglia.
c. limbic system.
d. hippocampus.

Answer 10

d. hippocampus.