Ch. 9 Flashcards
Internal dispositions to act in certain ways, although they can be influenced by multiple factors, both internal and external
Motives
The processes involved in initiating, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities
Motivation
Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence
Extrinsic motivation
Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake
Intrinsic motivation
A mental state that produces a psychological motive to excel or to reach a certain goal
Need for Achievement
What are the 3 psychological needs that motivate people to work?:
- Need for achievement
- Need for affiliation
- Need for power
View that places a high value on individual achievement and distinction
Individualism
View that values group loyalty and pride over individual distinction
Collectivism
Extrinsic rewards displace internal motivation (like when a child is given money for playing video games)
Overjustification
View that certain behaviors are determined by innate factors
Instinct Theory
Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set off by a specific stimulus
Fixed-Action Patterns
View that a biological need (an imbalance that threatens survival) produces a drive that moves an organism to meet the need
Drive Theory
The body’s tendency to maintain a biologically balanced condition
Homeostasis
What is Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory?
Motivation comes from the depths of the unconscious mind
What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs explain?
Needs occur in priority order, with basic biological needs as the bottom (pyramid)
Adaptive function in terms of organism’s survival and reproduction
Functional Level of Analysis
Stimuli in environment that can change motivational priorities
Proximal Level of Analysis
Changes in developmental progress that changes motivational priorities
Developmental Level of Analysis
One’s erotic attraction toward members of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes
Sexual Orientation
What serves as arousal states that signal important events?
Emotion
Describes the relationship between arousal and performance; both low and high levels of arousal produce lower performance than does a moderate level of arousal
Inverted “U” Function
Individuals who have a biological need for higher levels of stimulation than do most other people
Sensation Seekers
What is the James-Lange Theory?
An emotion-provoking stimulus produces a physical response that, in turn, produces an emotion
An emotional feeling and an internal physiological response occur at the same time
Cannon-Bard Theory
The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion states that emotion results from the cognitive appraisal of both:
- Physical arousal
2. Emotion provoking stimulus
What are deception cues?
Repeated observations necessary for accurate detection
