Ch. 9

Question 1

Internal dispositions to act in certain ways, although they can be influenced by multiple factors, both internal and external

Answer 1

Motives

Question 2

The processes involved in initiating, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

Desire to engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence

Answer 3

Extrinsic motivation

Question 4

Desire to engage in an activity for its own sake

Answer 4

Intrinsic motivation

Question 5

A mental state that produces a psychological motive to excel or to reach a certain goal

Answer 5

Need for Achievement

Question 6

What are the 3 psychological needs that motivate people to work?:

Answer 6

1. Need for achievement
2. Need for affiliation
3. Need for power

Question 7

View that places a high value on individual achievement and distinction

Answer 7

Individualism

Question 8

View that values group loyalty and pride over individual distinction

Answer 8

Collectivism

Question 9

Extrinsic rewards displace internal motivation (like when a child is given money for playing video games)

Answer 9

Overjustification

Question 10

View that certain behaviors are determined by innate factors

Answer 10

Instinct Theory

Question 11

Genetically based behaviors, seen across a species, that can be set off by a specific stimulus

Answer 11

Fixed-Action Patterns

Question 12

View that a biological need (an imbalance that threatens survival) produces a drive that moves an organism to meet the need

Answer 12

Drive Theory

Question 13

The body’s tendency to maintain a biologically balanced condition

Answer 13

Homeostasis

Question 14

What is Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory?

Answer 14

Motivation comes from the depths of the unconscious mind

Question 15

What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs explain?

Answer 15

Needs occur in priority order, with basic biological needs as the bottom (pyramid)

Question 16

Adaptive function in terms of organism’s survival and reproduction

Answer 16

Functional Level of Analysis

Question 17

Stimuli in environment that can change motivational priorities

Answer 17

Proximal Level of Analysis

Question 18

Changes in developmental progress that changes motivational priorities

Answer 18

Developmental Level of Analysis

Question 19

One’s erotic attraction toward members of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes

Answer 19

Sexual Orientation

Question 20

What serves as arousal states that signal important events?

Answer 20

Emotion

Question 21

Describes the relationship between arousal and performance; both low and high levels of arousal produce lower performance than does a moderate level of arousal

Answer 21

Inverted “U” Function

Question 22

Individuals who have a biological need for higher levels of stimulation than do most other people

Answer 22

Sensation Seekers

Question 23

What is the James-Lange Theory?

Answer 23

An emotion-provoking stimulus produces a physical response that, in turn, produces an emotion

Question 24

An emotional feeling and an internal physiological response occur at the same time

Answer 24

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 25

The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion states that emotion results from the cognitive appraisal of both:

Answer 25

1. Physical arousal

2. Emotion provoking stimulus

Question 26

What are deception cues?

Answer 26

Repeated observations necessary for accurate detection