Ch. 11

Question 1

What does social psychology examine?

Answer 1

The effects of social variables and cognitions; attempts to understand behavior within its social context

Question 2

Situationism vs. Dispostionism

Answer 2

1. The external environment, or the social one, can have both subtle and forceful effects on people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2. Tendency to attribute behavior to internal factors such as genes, personality traits, and character qualities

Question 3

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of persons in a given setting or group

Answer 3

Social Role

Question 4

A group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members’ attitudes and behaviors

Answer 4

Social Norms

Question 5

Cognitive structure, cluster of related concepts

Answer 5

Schema

Question 6

Knowledge about the sequence of events and actions that is expected in a particular setting

Answer 6

Script

Question 7

Social Neuroscience uses…

Answer 7

Methods from brain sciences to investigate social behaviors

Question 8

Describe “groupthink”:

Answer 8

Members of the group attempt to conform their opinions to what each believes to be the consensus of the group

Question 9

People who resist situational forces that overwhelm their peers and remain true to their personal values

Answer 9

Heroes

Question 10

A voluntary act on behalf of others in need, or in defense of a moral cause, with potential personal risk or cost, and without expectation of tangible reward

Answer 10

Heroism

Question 11

What is the Diffusion of Responsibility?

Answer 11

Weakening of each group member’s obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members

Question 12

What influences our judgements of others?

Answer 12

Behavior + interpretation of their actions within a social context

Question 13

What are the four sources of reward?

Answer 13

1. Proximity
2. Similarity
3. Self-disclosure
4. Physical attractiveness

Question 14

Explain the “Expectancy-Value Theory”:

Answer 14

People decide whether or not to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectations of success in establishing the relationship

Question 15

A highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes or values

Answer 15

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 16

The tendency to emphasize personal traits and minimize situational influences

Answer 16

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 17

Attributional pattern in which one takes credit for successes but denies responsibility for failures

Answer 17

Self-Serving Bias

Question 18

A negative attitude towards an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group

Answer 18

Prejudice

Question 19

A negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group membership

Answer 19

Discrimination

Question 20

The group with which an individual identifies

Answer 20

In-Group

Question 21

Those outside the group with which an individual identifies

Answer 21

Out-Group

Question 22

The perceived difference of similarity between oneself and another person

Answer 22

Social Distance

Question 23

What are the possible tools for combating prejudice:

Answer 23

1. New role models
2. Equal status contact
3. Legislation

Question 24

Influences on behavior that come from top-down sources in the form of creating and maintaining various situations that in turn have an impact on actions of individuals in those behavioral contexts

Answer 24

System power

Question 25

The use of violent unpredictable acts by a small group against a larger group for political, economic, or religious goals

Answer 25

Terrorism