Ch. 10 Flashcards
Psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual’s behavior in different situations and at different times
Personality
What is personality shaped by?
The combined forces of biological, situational, and mental processes
What brain modules influence personality?
Sex, aggression, hunger, thirst, achievement
What is the difference between individualism and collectivism?
Individualism - everyone is supposed to take care of him or herself and his or her immediate family only
Collectivism - people are born into extended families or clans which protect them in exchange for loyalty
What persistent patterns, or dispositions, make up our personalities?
Temperaments, traits, or types provide consistency to a persons personality
What are “Humors”?
Four bodily fluids that, according to Hippocrate’s ancient theory, control personality by their relative abundance
Biologically based, establishes mood of an individual’s behaviors
Temperament
Stable personality characteristics
Traits
What are the two important attributes of good psychological tests?
Reliability and validity
What does OCEAN stand for?
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
Personality is the result of…
Internal mental processes and social interactions
System of treatment for mental disorders
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic Theory is…
Freud’s Theory of personality
Assumption that all mental and behavioral reactions are caused by unconscious traumas, desires, or conflicts
Psychic Determinism
Successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulations of specific bodily areas at different times of life
Psychosexual Stages
What is the Oedipus Complex?
Largely unconscious, boys displace erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age
Largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety
Ego Defense Mechanisms
Personality assessment instruments based on Freud’s concept of projection (ink blot test or cloud watching)
Projective Tests
Retained psychodynamic emphasis and personality driven by motivation
Neo-Freudians
What do humanists emphasize?
Human potential and mental health
Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentials
Self-Actualizing Personalities
Term for a self-actualizing individual who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality
Fully Functioning Person
Ability to tolerate ontological (normal) anxiety and seek out new experiences in the search for meaning
Existential Courage
Process of learning new responses by watching the behavior of others
Observational Learning
An individual’s sense of where his or her life influences originate
Locus of Control
I questioned assumptions about personality; used to simplify the task of understanding others
Implicit Personality Theories
Stories one tells about oneself
Self-Narratives
A desire to overcome obstacles in the effort to help others
Redemptive Self
Overestimating the causes of any behavior as primarily a function of dispositional factors rather than social situational factors
Fundamental Attribution Error
