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PSY 2301 > Ch 9-11 > Flashcards

Ch 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

Intelligence

A

The ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to new situations

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2
Q

What is the g-factor in intelligence research

A

General

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3
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

The capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing activities

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4
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge of the world we have acquired throughout our lives

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5
Q

Interpersonal intelligence

A

The capacity to understand the emotions, intentions, motivations, and desires of other people

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6
Q

Intrapersonal intelligence

A

The capacity to understand oneself, including one’s emotions

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7
Q

Reliability in testing

A

Means they are consistent over time

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8
Q

Validity in testing

A

Means that they actually measure intelligence not something else

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9
Q

The Flynn effect

A

The observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades

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10
Q

What does research in sex differences in intelligence say about variability in IQ scores?

A

The actual IQ distribution in men is more spread out than in women

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11
Q

What does the research say about sex differences in intelligence in terms of specific abilities?

A

The average difference between men and women is small compared to the average differences within each sex

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12
Q

Stereotype threat

A

A reduction in performance that is caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes

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13
Q

How did twin studies contribute to our knowledge about heritability of IQ?

A

The IQs of identical twins correlate higher than those of fraternal twins showing a genetic component in IQ

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14
Q

Emotional regulation

A

The ability to control and productively use one’s emotions

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15
Q

What does emotional regulation predict?

A

People who are better able to override their impulses to seek immediate gratification and who are less impulsive also have higher cognitive and social intelligence

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16
Q

Overextension in language development

A

The use of a given word in a broader context than appropriate. E.G. All men are “daddy” or all animals are “doggy”

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17
Q

Components of chomsky’s nature approach to language and supported or not

A

Human brains contain a language acquisition device (supported by research) that includes a universal grammar (not supported) that underlies all human language

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18
Q

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

The idea that language and its structures influence and limit human thought

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19
Q

Motivation

A

A driving force that indicates and directs behavior

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

The natural state of the body’s systems, with goals, drives, and arousal imbalance

21
Q

Two dimensions used to graphically represent emotions

A

Arousal (high to low) and valence (pleasant to unpleasant)

22
Q

Basic emotions

A

Anger, discussed, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise

23
Q

Secondary emotions and two ways they differ from basic emotions

A

The larger more complex emotions that are determined by level of arousal and by their valence

24
Q

Daily hassles and how they affect stress and health

A

Our everyday interactions with the environment that are essentially negative. If they pile up they can lower the immune system

25
Q

Three stages of general adaptation syndrome

A

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

26
Q

Stress

A

The psychological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats

27
Q

Two general behavioral responses to stress and associated hormones

A

Fight or flight - cortisol
Tend and befriend - oxytocin

28
Q

Why aren’t people good at predicting what will make them happy?

A

People do not continuously experience very positive, or very negative effects over a long period of time, but rather adapt to their current circumstances

29
Q

How do major life events affect happiness?

A

People’s happiness goes very high or very low for a short period of time and then they adjust

30
Q

Proxemics

A

The branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel is necessary to set between themselves and others EG personal bubble

31
Q

Paralanguage

A

Clues to identify or emotions contain in our voices

32
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The amount of energy expended while at rest

33
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave towards the other people around us, and how those people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior

34
Q

Attitude

A

Our relatively enduring evaluations of people and things

35
Q

Prejudice

A

The tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group memberships

36
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative behaviors towards others based on prejudice

37
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The common tendency to overestimate the role of personal factors and overlook the impact of situations in judging others

38
Q

Self-serving bias

A

We judge the causes of our behavior in overly positive ways

39
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy in social Psychology

A

When our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave towards those others in ways that make those beliefs come true

40
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The tendency to prefer stimuli (including but not limited to people) that we have seen more frequently

41
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

The discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate

42
Q

The foot-in-the-door technique

A

A method of persuasion in which the person is first persuaded to accept a rather minor request and then ask for a larger one after that

43
Q

Altruism

A

Any behavior that is designed to increase another person’s welfare, and particularly those actions that do not seem to provide a direct reward to the person who performs them

44
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

We should follow the principles of reciprocal altruism. If someone helps us, we should help them in the future, and we should help people now with the expectation that they will help us later if we need it. “Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours”

45
Q

Which part of the brain contributes to aggressive behavior and which part controls it?

A

Amygdala contributes to ingression, prefrontal cortex serves as a control center on aggression

46
Q

Desensitization

A

The tendency over time to show weaker emotional responses to emotional stimuli

47
Q

Difference between normative and informational conformity

A

The desire to be liked by others (normative) versus the belief that other people have accurate information and we want to have knowledge (informational)

48
Q

Asch studied what?

A

The power of conformity. Whether or not a participant would change their answer to the majority wrong answer or go against conformity to choose the correct answer. Specific Target line experiment

49
Q

Milgram studied what?

A

Obedience, the tendency to conform to those in authority. Electric shock experiment

PSY 2301 (5 decks)

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