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Pharm exam 5 chapters > ch 88 highlights > Flashcards

ch 88 highlights Flashcards

1
Q

impetigo is caused by

A

staph

strep

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2
Q

treat impetigo with

A

mupirocin

altabax

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3
Q

mupirocin comes in

A

ointment

cream - more expensive

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4
Q

treat inoculation of MRSA

A

intranasal mupirocin (same as the treatment of impetigo)

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5
Q

drugs for hair loss

A

Minoxidil ( topical)

Finasteride (BPH)

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6
Q

what formulations of Minoxidil are available and for what gender

A

2% solution (generic) - women
5% solution (Rogaine Extra Strength for Men)
5% foam (Rogaine mens extra strength)

apply to scalp twice a day

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7
Q

what was finasteride and Minoxidil originally developed for

A

Minoxidil - hypertension

Finasteride - BPH

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8
Q

Finasteride in pregnancy?

A

teratogen that can cause genitourinary abnormalities in males exposed to the drug in utero

Not in pregnancy
Also they should not handle the tablets that are crushed or broken

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9
Q

seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff is caused by

A

a microbe in the yeast family

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10
Q

drug for Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff

A

Ketoconazole

2% foam (Extina) - applied BID for 4 weeks
2% gel (Xolegel) - applied daily for 2 weeks

1% and 2% shampoos (Nizoral) - periodic maintenance also with Head and Shoulders - pyrithione zinc
or selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue and Head and Shoulders intensive)

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11
Q

Botox should be avoided in people ages

A

65 and older because it is unlikely to help:
in older people, the major cause of lines and wrinkles is loss of elasticity in the skin - cannot be reversed by neuromuscular blockade

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12
Q

over time, with botox, some patients develop

A

antibodies against botulinum toxin type A which produces a reduction in the botox benefits

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13
Q

Botox and uses

A

There is botox and botox cosmetic which is the same

Also used for strabismus, hyperhidrosis, migraine headache prophylaxis

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14
Q

med for unwanted facial hair

A

Eflornithine (Vaniqua) - benefits developed slowly over 4-8 weeks. It slows hair growth, causes it to be finer and lighter and decrease. Does not eliminate it and effects are not permanent. Requires continuous treatment

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15
Q

adverse effects of Botox injections

A

headache, facial pain, swelling, bruising reduced by applying ice to the site and avoiding alcohol, vit E and ASA and other NSAIDS for the week before treatment

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16
Q

Best protection from venereal warts is

A 
prevention
HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9)
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17
Q

how is genital warts removed

A

topical drugs
cryotherapy

electrodessication
laser surgery
conventional surgery

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18
Q

drugs that are provider applied for venereal warts

A 
Podophyllin
Trichloroaceitic acid (TCA)
Bichloroaceitic acid (BCA)
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19
Q

drugs for home application for venereal warts

A

podofilox
imiquimod
kunecatechins

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20
Q

can you use Podofilox in pregnancy

A

no

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21
Q

1st line for eczema

A

moisturizers and topical glucocorticoids

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22
Q

topical immunosuppressants for eczema

A

tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus(Elidel) (second line)

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23
Q

what ointment is approved for use in young children for atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A

Crisaborole 2% ointment (Eucrisa)

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24
Q

ages for Tacrolimus (Protopic)

A

older than 2 years old

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25
Q

Tacrolimus does not cause ______ like glucocorticoids

A

thinning of skin

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26
Q

organic sunscreen is known as ____screens

A

chemical

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27
Q

inorganic sunscreens is known as ____screens

A

physical

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28
Q

Organic sunscreen does what

A

absorb UV radiation and then dissipate it as heat

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29
Q

Inorganic sunscreen does what

A

scatter UV radiation

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30
Q

Organic screens absorb ____, but only 6 absorb ___

A

UVB, UVA

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31
Q

only two agents are employed as physical screens

A

titanium dioxide and zinc oxide

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32
Q

broad spectrum sunscreen

A

protect against UVA and UVB

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33
Q

all sunscreens protect against

A

UVB

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34
Q

iPLEDGE

A

Prescribers must register with iPLEDGE and agree to follow key points to prescribe Isotretinoin (Accutane)

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35
Q

Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a derivative of

A

Vit A

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36
Q

adverse effects of Accutane

A

Not for pregnancy
dryness or itching of skin, nose, mouth

Skin may become sensitized to UV light,

pancreatitis
hearing impairment
decreased bone mineral density
depression with SI

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37
Q

what hormonal agents approved for acne treatment have increased risk of blood clots

A

Beyaz and Yaz

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38
Q

what contraceptives ae approved for acne in women

A

Estrostep
ortho-tri-cyclen
beyaz
yaz

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39
Q

guidelines to prescribe contraceptives for acne

A

must be 15years old who want contraception, have reached menarche and not responded to topical drugs. may take 6 mos or more to improve

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40
Q

diuretic for acne treatment

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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41
Q

risk for using spironolactone for acne

A

hyper k

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42
Q

dont use steroids on

A

groin

face

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43
Q

effects of topical glucosteroids

A

thinning of skin

44
Q

does the concentration of topical glucocorticoids tell you the potency?

A

no

45
Q

oral abx used to treat moderate to severe acne

A

Doxycycline and Minocycline

46
Q

use of abx for acne

A

benefits develop slowly

give 3 months then d/c and switch to topical

47
Q

Keratolytic agents - what do they do

A

promote shedding of the outermost layer of epidermal skin cells

48
Q

keratolytic drugs used to treat acne

A

benzoyl peroxide

49
Q

Azelaic acid is used for

A

rosacea

50
Q

salicylic acid is used for

A

acne

51
Q

ointment are not good for

A

weeping oozing skin or areas that sweat alot

52
Q

lotions and gels

A

hairy, oily, large areas

may decrease oilyness

53
Q

gels are better for

A

face and they dry clear

54
Q

steroids cant be covered bc

A

it increases absorption so you can have systemic effects

55
Q

benzoly peroxide cannot be used in what population

A

asthmatics

56
Q

combining dapsone with benzoyl peroxide

A

can turn the skin yellow or orange

57
Q

organic sunscreen that provides full range UV protection

A

Avobenzone

58
Q

most effective at treating recent hair loss

A

Minoxidil

59
Q

If topical glucocorticoids fail to treat eczema without causing skin atrophy and hypopigmentation

A

topical immunosuppressants may be used

60
Q

Botox wears off in

A

3-6 mos

61
Q

for salicylic acid peeling and drying are

A

not desired effects

62
Q

symptom of systemic tox for salicylic acid

A

tinnitis

63
Q

SPF 15 blocks ___ of UVB

A

93% (highly protective for SPF of 15 or higher)

64
Q

Triamcinolone acetonide is a

A

glucocorticoid

65
Q

Tretinoin is a

A

Retinoid

66
Q

Tretinoin and sun

A

makes more susceptible to sunburn

67
Q

Before applying Retin-A

A

Wash skin
towel dry
allow to dry 15-30 min

apply once daily

68
Q

Trentinoin and wrinkles

A

used for fine wrinkles
not course or sun damage
6 mos to start to see results

69
Q

While taking accutane - drug interaction

A

no tetracycline

no acohol

70
Q

pregnancy tests and Accutane

A

2 preg tests to start therapy

1 preg test to refill

71
Q

initial treatment severe acne

A

Doxycycline and Retin -A

72
Q

high permeable area

A 
axilla
face
eyelids
neck
perineum
genitalia
73
Q

low permeable area

A

palms

soles

74
Q

inflamed skin increases or decreases absorption

A

increases

75
Q

will an occlusive dressing decrease or increase absorption

A

increase

76
Q

long term topical glucocorticoids can cause

A

atrophy of dermis and epidermis
thinning of skin

long term induce acne and hypertrichosis (excessive hair)

77
Q

salicylic acid adverse effects

A

tinnitus
hyperpnea
psychologic disturbances

78
Q

microbe involved in acne

A

propionibacterium acnes

79
Q

antiacne drugs and kids

A

not for younger than 12
Atralin - which is a tretinoin gel for 10 and older

dont give BC to kiddies

80
Q

what preferred for pregnant in antiacne

A

Benzoyl peroxide and topical salicylic acid

81
Q

excretion of systemic sulfonamides in breast milk can cause

A

kernicterus in breastfed neonates

82
Q

what meds can increase side effects of Accutane

A

Tetracyclines

Vit A

83
Q

abx of choice for acne

alternatives are

A

Doxycycline and minocycline

tetracycline and erythromycin

84
Q

with Salicylic acid monitor for

s/s

A

Salicylism

hyperpnea, tinnitis, n/v
mental status changes

85
Q

what part of Birth control is helpful in acne

A

estrogen

86
Q

how long does it take for birth control to help with acne

A

6 months

87
Q

organic sunscreens ____ UV radiation and then dissipate it as heat

inorganic screens ___ UV radiation

A

absorb

scatter

88
Q

only 2 agents are employed as physical screens

A

titanium dioxide

zinc oxide

89
Q

Products that protects against UVA and UVB are labeled

A

broad spectrum

90
Q

Sunscreens only retain SPF after ___ min of water exposure

A

40 unless labeled for 80

91
Q

avoid sun exposure between what hours

A

10am-4pm

92
Q

sunscreen containing PABA should be applied how far in advance

A

2 hours

93
Q

first line for dermatitis (exzema)

A

moisturizers and topical glucocorticoids

94
Q

topical immunosuppressants approved for dermatitis eczema) - second line for those who dont respond to the glucocorticoids

A

Tacrolimus

pimecrolimus

95
Q

tacrolimus for dermatitis doesnt cause

what does it cause

A

thinning of skin, well tolerated but in children increases risk for varicella zoster

cancer risk

96
Q

phsophodiesterase 4 for dermatitis

A

novel agent inhibits PDE4 can be used in younger children - burning and stinging at site side effect

97
Q

impetigo pathogens

A

S. aureus

Strep pyogenes

98
Q

impetigo is treated with

A

mupirocin topical

99
Q

which drug formulation is the highest absorption

A

ointment

100
Q

which drug formulation can be used for oily hairy skin

A

lotion

101
Q

which drug formulation is good for face

A

gel

102
Q

which drug formulation is good for dry and sensitive skin

A

cream

103
Q

St Johs with Dig will

A

decrease dig level

104
Q

SSRI, MAO, TCA and St johns

worry about

A

serotonin syndrome

105
Q

if someone needs to be treated for osteoporosis with a familial history of breast cancer - what drug

A

Evesta

Pharm exam 5 chapters (15 decks)

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