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Pharm exam 5 chapters > ch 79 > Flashcards

ch 79 Flashcards

1
Q

superficial mycoses fungal pathogens

A

Candida species

dermatophytes (epidermophyton, trichophyton, microsporum)

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2
Q

ringworm (dermatophytic infections)

A

Tinea pedis
tinea corporis
tinea cruris
tinea capitis

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3
Q

most common dermatophytic

A

tinea pedis

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4
Q

pt ed for tinea pedis

A

wear absorbent cotton socks
change shoes often
dry feet after bathing

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5
Q

tinea corporis treat

A

topical azole or allylamine

continue for 1 week after symptoms clear

severe may need systemic - griseofulvin

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6
Q

tinea cruris

A

treat continue for 1 week after dcleared,

severe wil need systemic – clotrimazole

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7
Q

tinea capitis

A

difficult to treat
topical not likely to work
oral griseofulvin for 6-8 weeks
oral terbinafine 2-4 weeks may be more effective

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8
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by

A

candida albicans most of the time

Candida glabrata can also (esp in pt with HIV/AIDS)

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9
Q

factors that predispose to candida are

A 
pregnancy
obesity
diabetes
debilitation
HIV infection
use of certain drugs such as 
oral contraceptives
systemic glucocorticoids
anticancer agents
immunosuppressants
systemic abx
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10
Q

oral candidiasis

A

thrush

nystatin
clotrimazole
miconazole
all topical

in immunocompromised host
fluconazole
ketoconazole are usually needed

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11
Q

difficult to eradicate and requires prolonged treatment

can by from dermatophytes or candida

A

Onychomycosis

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12
Q

oral for onychomycosis

A

terbinafine (lamisil)
itraconazole (sporanox)

work against both dermatophytes and candida
treat for 3-6 months
cure rate is 50%

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13
Q

side effects for terbinafine and itraconazole

A

headaches
gi -n/v/abd pain
skin reactions - rash, itching

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14
Q

topical therapy for onychomycosis

A

ciclopirox (penlac nail lacquer)

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15
Q

ciclopirox (penlac nail lacquer)
topical
is only active against what

A

Trichophyton rubrum

applied once a day to nails and immediately adjacent skin

new coats are applied over old ones

once a week remove coats with alcohol

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16
Q

treats onychomycosis from dermatophytes T. Rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

A

Tavaborole (Kerydin)

apply to entire nail surface and under the tip of affected toenails once daily for 48 weeks

17
Q

azole for onychomycosis

A

Efinaconazole
cover the entire nail, including the folds, bed and undersurface of the toenail plate.
daily for 48 weeks

18
Q

what should you not give st johns wort with and why

A

SSRI
SNRI
MAOI
TCAs (amitriptyline, clomipramine)

serotonin syndrome

19
Q

St Johns is a CYP _____

what drugs does this effect

A

inducer
increases metabolism of those drug
digoxin
warfarin

20
Q

what SERM given for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis protects against estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

A

Raloxifene (Evista)

21
Q

Black box for Raloxifene (Evista)

A

increased r/o DVT and PE

22
Q

someone with mild acne
tried salicylic acid
whats next?

A 
Topical retinoid (Retin-A)
Benzoyl peroxide (topical antibiotic and keratolytic)
23
Q

mild fungal ear infection

A

acetic acid drops

24
Q

prescribe someone tinolol

monitoring eye drops

A

bradycardia
hypotension
bronchospasm

25
Q

DMARD with antimalarial actions RA

A

Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

26
Q

pt ed with Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

A

eye dr every 6 mos to check for retinal damage

need a thorough eye exam prior to starting treatment

d/c first sign of retinal injury

also needs an EKG -Prolong QT

27
Q

when taking Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) what can you do for the GI distress

A

take with food or milk

28
Q

how is Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) metabolized

A

primarily by liver

29
Q

mixing insulins

A

NPH and regular can be mixed
NPH can be mixed with short acting - regular, lispro, aspart, glulisine)

draw up short acting first

30
Q

what insulin can you give without regard to meals

A

intermediate and long acting such as
NPH - intermediate
glargine (Lantus) - long acting

31
Q

type of insulin - rapid, short, intermediate, long, ultralong

lispro (humalog)

A

rapid -

32
Q

type of insulin - rapid, short, intermediate, long, ultralong

insulin aspart (novoLog)

A

rapid

33
Q

type of insulin - rapid, short, intermediate, long, ultralong

insulin glulisine (apidra)

A

rapid

34
Q

type of insulin - rapid, short, intermediate, long, ultralong

Humulin R, Novolin R (regular Insulin)

A

short acting

35
Q

Hypoglycemia is uncommon when these drugs are used alone. what severe hypersensitivity reaction is possible but rare

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors DPP4 - Gliptins

Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptin (ONglyza)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin (Nesina)

Pharm exam 5 chapters (15 decks)

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