CH:8 - Transport in Mammals Flashcards
Circulatory System
A system that carries fluid around an organism’s body.
Closed Blood System
A circulatory system made up of vessels containing blood.
Double Circulation
A circulatory system in which the blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body.
Systemic Circulation
The part of the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to all of the body except the gas exchange surface, and then back to the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation
The part of the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the gas exchange surface and then back to the heart.
Artery
Vessel with thick, strong walls that carries
high-pressure blood away from the heart
Vein
Vessel with relatively thin walls that carries
low-pressure blood back to the heart.
Arteriole | Venule
Small artery | Small vein
Capillary
The smallest blood vessel, whose role is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, and to remove their waste products.
Endothelium
A tissue that lines the inner surface of a structure such as a blood vessel.
Squamous Epithelium
One or more layers of thin, flat cells forming the lining of some hollow structures, e.g. blood vessels and alveoli
Smooth muscle
A type of muscle that can contract steadily over long periods of time.
Elastic Arteries
Relatively large arteries, which have a lot of elastic tissue and little muscle tissue in their walls.
Muscular Arteries
Arteries that are closer to the final destination of the blood inside them than elastic arteries, with more smooth muscle in their walls which allows them to constrict and dilate.
Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of a muscular artery or arteriole, caused by the contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls.
Vasodilation
The widening of a muscular artery or arteriole, caused by the relaxation of the smooth muscle in its walls.
Semilunar Valve
A half-moon shaped valve, such as the ones in the veins and between the ventricles and arteries.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells float; it carries a very large range of different substances in solution.
Plasma Proteins
A range of several different proteins dissolved in the blood plasma, each with their own function; many of them are made in the liver.
Tissue Fluid
The almost colourless fluid that fills the spaces between body cells; it forms from the fluid that leaks from blood capillaries.
The different types of White Blood Cells (WBC) are -
Neutrophil: one type of phagocytic white blood cell; it has a lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm.
Monocyte: the largest type of white blood cell; it has a bean-shaped nucleus; monocytes can leave the blood and develop into a type of phagocytic cell called a macrophage.
Macrophage: phagocytic cell found in tissues throughout the body; they act as Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs).
Lymphocyte: a white blood cell with a nucleus that almost fills the cell, which responds to antigens and helps to destroy the antigens or the structure that is carrying them.
Partial Pressure (part of haemoglobin dissociation curve)
A measure of the concentration of a gas.
Percentage Saturation (part of haemoglobin dissociation curve)
The degree to which the haemoglobin in the blood is combined with oxygen, calculated as a percentage of the maximum amount with which it can combine.
Dissociation Curve (part of haemoglobin dissociation curve)
A graph showing the percentage saturation of a pigment (such as haemoglobin) with oxygen, plotted against the partial pressure of oxygen.
