CH:5 - The Mitotic Cell Cycle

Question 1

Chromatid

Answer 1

One of two identical parts of a chromosome, held together by a centromere, formed during interphase by the replication of the DNA strand.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

The division of a nucleus into two so that the two daughter cells have exactly the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 3

Cell Cycle

Answer 3

The sequence of events that takes place from one cell division until the next; it is made up of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 4

Kinetochore
(Ken-eeto-kor)

Answer 4

A protein structure found at the centromere of a chromatid to which microtubules attach during nuclear division.

Question 5

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 5

The production of new individuals of a species by a single parent organism.

Question 6

Telomere

Answer 6

Repetitive sequence of DNA at the end of a chromosome that protects genes from the chromosome shortening that happens at each cell division.

Question 7

Stem Cell

Answer 7

Relatively unspecialised cell that retains the ability to divide an unlimited number of times, and which has the potential to become a specialised cell (such as a blood cell or muscle cell).

Question 8

Cancers

Answer 8

A group of diseases that result from a breakdown in the usual control mechanisms that regulate cell division; certain cells divide uncontrollably and form tumours, from which cells may break away and form secondary tumours in other areas of the body (metastasis).

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

A random change in the base sequence (structure) of DNA (a gene mutation), or in the structure and/or number of chromosomes (a chromosome mutation).

Question 10

Carcinogen

Answer 10

A substance or environmental factor that can cause cancer.