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Parasitology > Ch. 8 - The Nematodes > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - The Nematodes Flashcards

0
Q

Other name of nematodes

A

Intestinal roundworms

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1
Q

Organisms that are multicellular and contain internal organ systems

A

Helminths

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2
Q

Class of nematodes

A

Nematoda

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3
Q

Multicellular parasites that appear round in cross section

A

Nematodes

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4
Q

3 basic morphologic forms of nematodes

A
  • eggs
  • larvae
  • adult worms
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5
Q

Which adult worm gender is larger?

A

Female

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6
Q

Phylum of nematodes

A

Nemathelminthes

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7
Q

6 intestinal species of nematodes

A
  • Enterobius vermicularis
  • Trichuris trichiura
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Necator americanus
  • Anyclostoma duodenale
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
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8
Q

2 intestinal-tissue species of nematodes

A
  • Trichinella spiralis

- Dracunculus medinensis

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9
Q

2 common names for Enterobius vermicularis

A
  • pinworm

- seatworm

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10
Q

2 diseases associated with E. vermicularis infection

A
  • Enterobiasis

- pinworm infection

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11
Q

Nematode with eggs that are flattened on one side (D-shaped)

A

E. vermicularis eggs

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12
Q

Specimen of choice for E. vermicularis eggs

A

Cellophane tape preparation/scotchtape swab

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13
Q

Host of E. vermicularis

A

Hhmans

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14
Q

MOT of E. vermicularis

A

Ingestion of embryonated eggs

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15
Q

Infective stage of E. vermicularis

A

Embryonated egg

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16
Q

Term for a pregnant female worm

A

Gravid

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17
Q

Organ where adult E. vermicularis worms reside

A

Colon

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18
Q

Nematode whose gravid female adults migrate outside the body to the perianal region to to deposit eggs

A

E. vermicularis

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19
Q

Condition where infected individuals reinfect themselves

A

Autoreinfection

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20
Q

Condition when infective pinworm eggs migrate back into the host, develop and reproduce rather than becoming dislodged

A

Retroinfection

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21
Q

Amoeba that may be transmitted by E. vermicularis

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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22
Q

Most common helminth known to cause infection in the US

A

Pinworm (E. vermicularis)

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23
Q

3 drugs for the treatment of E. vermicularis infection

A
  • mebendazole
  • albendazole
  • pyrantel pamoate
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24
Q

2 morphologic form recovered in pinworm infections

A
  • eggs

- adult females

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25
Q

Common name for Trichuris trichiura

A

Whipworm

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26
Q

2 diseases associated with T. trichiura infection

A
  • Trichuriasis

- whipworm infection

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27
Q

Shape of T. trichiura egg

A
  • Barrel-shaped
  • football-shaped
  • Japanese lantern shape
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28
Q

What substance is at the ends of the T. trichiura egg?

A

Bipolar mucus/hyaline plug

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29
Q

Specimen of choice for T. trichiura eggs

A

Stool

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30
Q

Infective stage of T. trichiura

A

Embryonated eggs

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31
Q

MOT of T. trichiura

A

Ingestion of embryonated eggs

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32
Q

Third most common helminth parasite

A

T. trichiura

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33
Q

2 drugs for treatment for whipworm infections

A
  • mebendazole

- albendazole

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34
Q

Best laboratory technique for the recovery of T. trichiura egss

A

Zinc sulfate flotation

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35
Q

2 common names for Ascaris lumbricoides

A
  • large intestinal roundworm

- roundworm of man

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36
Q

Infective stage of A. lumbricoides

A

Embryonated egg

37
Q

A surface covering present on adult nematodesq

A

Cuticle

38
Q

Specimen of choice for A. lumbricoides eggs

A

Stool

39
Q

MOT of A. lumbricoides

A

Ingestion of embryonated eggs

40
Q

Nematode whose larvae undergo a liver-lung migration

A

A. lumbricoides

41
Q

The first stop for A. lumbricoides larvae in their initial migration in the body

A

Liver

42
Q

The second stop for the A. lumbricoides larvae in their migration in the body

A

Lungs

43
Q

The most common intestinal helminth infection in the world

A

Ascariasis

44
Q

Amoeba that A. lumbricoides may transmit

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

45
Q

2 nematodes that may transmit D. fragilis trophozoites

A
  • Enterobius vermicularis

- Ascaris lumbricoides

46
Q

2 drugs for the treatment of A. lumbricoides infections

A
  • Mebendazole

- Albendazole

47
Q

Common name for Necator americanus

A

New World hookworm

48
Q

Common name for Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Old World hookworm

49
Q

2 diseases associated with N. americanus

A
  • hookworm infection

- necatoriasis

50
Q

2 diseases associated with A. duodenale

A
  • hookworm infection

- ancylostomiasis

51
Q

The actively feeding larva of hookworms

A

Rhabditiform larvae

52
Q

Hookworm stage with a long buccal cavity and a small genital primordium

A

Rhabditiform larvae

53
Q

The infective, nonfeeding stage of hookworms

A

Filariform larvae

54
Q

When does filariform larvae emerge?

A

After the rhabditiform larva completes its second molt

55
Q

Does the hookworm filriform larva have a distinct pointed tail? (Yes/No)

A

Yes

56
Q

Structure in male adult hookworms that aids in copulation

A

Copulatory bursa

57
Q

Specimen of choice for hookworm eggs

A

Stool

58
Q

MOT of hookworms

A

Skin penetration of third-stage filariform larvae

59
Q

Intense allergic itching at the site of hookworm penetration

A

Ground itch

60
Q

2 drugs for hookworm infection

A
  • mebendazole

- pyrantel pamoate

61
Q

2 human hookworms

A
  • Necator americanus

- Ancylostoma duodenale

62
Q

2 animal hookworms

A
  • Ancylostoma braziliense (cat)

- Ancylostoma caninum (Dog)

63
Q

Dental pattern of N. americanus

A
  • no teeth

- pair of semilunar cutting plates

64
Q

Dental pattern of A. duodenale

A

2 pairs of prominent ventral teeth

65
Q

Dental pattern of A. braziliensis

A

2 pairs (1 prominent pair and 1 small pair)

66
Q

Dental pattern of A. caninum

A

3 pairs of prominent teeth

67
Q

Hookworm that is bidigitate

A

N. americanus

68
Q

Hookworm that is tridigitate

A

A. duodenale

69
Q

Type of anemia caused by human hookworms

A

Hypocytic hypochromic anemia

70
Q

Condition when animal hookworms infect human

A

Cutaneous larva migrants (CLM)

71
Q

Treatment of choice for cutaneous larva migrants (CLM)

A

Thiabendazole

72
Q

Common name of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Threadworm

73
Q

2 diseases associated with S. stercoralis infections

A
  • strongyloidiasis

- threadworm infection

74
Q

Infective stage of S. stercoralis

A

Larva

75
Q

MOT of S. stercoralis

A

Skin penetration of larva

76
Q

Technique used to distinguish a hookworm and Strongyloides egg

A

Harada-Mori Culture Technique

77
Q

2 types of life cycle by S. stercoralis

A
  • homogonic cycle

- heterogonic cycle

78
Q

Type of life cycle by S. stercoralis where the parasite changes from larva to filariform

A

Homogonic cycle

79
Q

Type of life cycle by S. stercoralis where the parasite lives as a free-living adult

A

Heterogonic cycle

80
Q

Adult female nematode that is parthenogenic

A

S. stercoralis adult female

81
Q

Specimen of choice for S. stercoralis eggs

A

Stool (zinc sulfate concentration)

82
Q

Specimen of choice for S. stercoralis rhabditiform larvae

A

Duodenal aspirates

83
Q

2 drugs for treatment of threadworm infection

A
  • ivermectin

- albendazole

84
Q

Common name for Trichinella spiralis

A

Trichina worm

85
Q

2 diseases associated with T. spiralis

A
  • trichinosis

- trichinellosis

86
Q

Specimen of choice for T. spiralis encysted larva

A

Skeletal muscle

87
Q

3 drugs for severe infections of T. spiralis

A
  • Prednisone
  • thiabendazole
  • steroids
88
Q

MOT of T. spiralis

A

Ingestion of contaminated food (pork)

89
Q

Habitat of T. spiralis where it encysts

A

Skeletal muscle

90
Q

Hanitat of adult stage T. spiralis

A

Small intestine

91
Q

Infective stage of T. spiralis

A

Encysted larva

Parasitology (6 decks)

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