CH. 8 Human Rights

Question 1

rights that a state must uphold in all circumstances

Answer 1

non-derogable rights

Question 2

rights that can be suspended during public emergencies (must be declared in advance and ended within reasonable period of time)

Answer 2

derogable rights

Question 3

deferring to states when applying legal standards because they have more knowledge about their own social context

Answer 3

margin of appreciation

Question 4

everyone has rights, no matter where they live

Answer 4

universalism

Question 5

human rights must be understood within social context

Answer 5

relativism

Question 6

separate legal systems for foreigners that are overseen by consular officials from foreigners’ home state

Answer 6

consular jurisdiction

Question 7

when individuals directly complain to an international organization if they believe their rights have been violated by a state

Answer 7

individual petition

Question 8

international institution that monitors compliance with treaty and assesses individual petitions about possible violations

Answer 8

special treaty body

Question 9

acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group

Answer 9

genocide

Question 10

(1) every state has responsibility to protect its population from severe violations of human rights and humanitarian law; and (2) failure to meet responsibility can trigger force by international community

Answer 10

responsibility to protect (R2P)

Question 11

compelled removal of an ethnic group using intimidation or violence

Answer 11

ethnic cleansing

Question 12

act by which severe pain or suffering, physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining information; must fulfill criteria of: nature, intent, purpose, official capacity

Answer 12

torture

Question 13

forced return of migrants to states where they are likely to suffer severe human rights violations

Answer 13

refoulement

Question 14

agreeing not to prosecute individuals for certain offenses, and to pardon individuals already convicted of those offenses

Answer 14

amnesty laws

Question 15

jurisdiction used by domestic courts to prosecute severe crimes that (1) occurred on foreign territory; (2) involved only foreign nationals; and (3) didn’t threaten state’s national security
*(rarely occurs)

Answer 15

universal jurisdiction

Question 16

use of force, fraud, or coercion to secure labor

Answer 16

human trafficking

Question 17

influencing state behavior through public assessment and grading

Answer 17

scorecard diplomacy

Question 18

financial assistance to protect individuals from unexpected outcomes that harm their livelihoods (accidents, disability, unemployment, etc)

Answer 18

social security

Question 19

rights involving freedom of speech, assembly, religion etc (aka first-generation rights and negative rights)

Answer 19

civil political rights

Question 20

rights to housing, medical care, education, etc (aka second-generation rights and positive rights)

Answer 20

socio-economic rights