CH. 12 Environmental Protection Flashcards
collaboration problem when a group of actors collectively benefit from protecting a common resource, but each individual is tempted to overconsume the resource
tragedy of the commons
resources that move across borders (migratory birds, fish, etc)
fugitive resources
resources that don’t belong to a specific state
global commons
collaboration problem when actors collectively benefit from public good, but individuals tempted to take actions to diminish good
public goods provision
a good that is non-excludable and non-rivalrous
public good
situation in which actors provide less cooperation than what would be optimal; prioritizes individual outcomes over collective social outcome
free-riding
use of conditional economic benefits and punishments to encourage compliance with international agreements
linkage
every state has right to create its own policies for exploiting its natural resources
right to development
set of trade, investment, development, and assistance policies to promote interests of developing states in the 1970s
New International Economic Order
non-binding document that includes general principles about development and environment (1972); adopted by consensus
Stockholm Declaration
set of expanded and refined environmental principles (1992) ; uses more precise and obligatory language
Rio Declaration
when an act in one state causes or threatens harm to the persons, property, or environment of another state
transboundary harm
process evaluating impact of a policy or project on environmental outcomes
environmental impact assessment
claim that current generations of humans should leave ample resources for future generations
intergenerational equity
states have different levels of responsibility for protecting environment even though environment a common concern
common but differentiated responsibility
