Ch. 8 Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Flashcards
Pome
flesh comes from enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around ovary
endocarp papery or leathery
Examples of Pomes
Apples, Pears
core and little of adjacent tissue is from ovary; remainder is from floral tube and receptacle
Dry fruits
mesocarp dry at maturity
dehiscent or indehiscent
Dehiscent
splitting fruits, split at maturity
Follicle: splits along one side
example: larkspur, milkweed, peony
Legume
splits along two sides, type of dehiscent process
green bean example
Silique
more than three times longer than wide
splits along two sides, seeds on central parition, which is exposed when two halves separate
Silicle
less than three times longer than wide
Capsules
consist of at least two carpals, and split in a variety of ways
Indehiscent
non splitting fruit
single seed untied with pericarp
Achene
type of indehiscent non- splitting fruit
based od seed attached tp pericarp
sunflower seed, buttercup, buckwheat
Nut
type of inhediscent non-splitting fruit
similar to achene, but larger, with harder and thicker pericarp, and cluster of bracts at base
acorn, hazelnuts, hickory nuts
Other inhediscent fuits
grains, samra, shizocarp
grains
inhediscent fruit type
pericarp tightly united with seed, caryopsis
examples: grasses, cron, wheat, rice, oats, barley
samara
indehiscent fruit type
pericarp extends as wings for dispersal
maples, elms, ashes
Schizocarp
indehiscent fruit type
twin fruit that breaks into one-seeded segments called mericarps
examples?
Aggregate fruits
derived from single flower with several to many pistils
individual pistil mature as clustered unit on single receptacle
examples: raspberries, blackberries, strawberries
Multiple fruits
derived from several to many individual flowers in single inflorescence
less common
examples: pineapples, figs, mulberries
Describe fruit and seed dispersal
- significant to disperse, so they are not competing with each other in one area
Dispersal by wind
fruits: samaras(maple), plumes(dandelion), or hairs on fruit
seeds: small and lightweight, or with wings
Examples: dandelion, maple, poppy, orchid, cottonwood, tumbleweed
Dispersal by animals
birds, mammals and acts act as seed dispersl agents
seeds may pass through digestive tract, or fruits and seeds adhere to fur or feathers
Dispersal via ants
appendages on seeds may have oils that attract ants
(elaiosomes on bleeding hearts used as food by ants)
