Ch 8 - Extinction

Question 1

anticipatory contrast

Answer 1

The process whereby the rate of response varies inversely with an upcoming (“anticipated”) change in the rate of reinforcement.

Question 2

behavioral contrast

Answer 2

A change in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of response on another component.

Question 3

differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Answer 3

Reinforcement of any behavior other than a target behavior that is being extinguished.

Question 4

discrimination training

Answer 4

As applied to operant conditioning, the differential reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (the SD) and not another.

Question 5

discriminative stimulus for extinction (SΔ)

Answer 5

A stimulus that signals the absence of reinforcement.

Question 6

errorless discrimination training

Answer 6

A discrimination training procedure that minimizes the number of errors (i.e., nonreinforced responses to the SΔ) and reduces many of the adverse effects associated with discrimination training.

Question 7

extinction

Answer 7

The nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response.

Question 8

extinction burst

Answer 8

A temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented.

Question 9

fading

Answer 9

The process of gradually altering the intensity of a stimulus.

Question 10

generalization gradient

Answer 10

A graphic description of the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that are similar to the SD and vary along a continuum.

Question 11

multiple schedule

Answer 11

A complex schedule consisting of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each resulting in reinforcement and each having a distinctive SD.

Question 12

negative contrast effect

Answer 12

The process whereby an increase in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces a decrease in the rate of response on the other component.

Question 13

partial reinforcement effect

Answer 13

The process whereby behavior that has been maintained on an intermittent (partial) schedule of reinforcement extinguishes more slowly than behavior that has been maintained on a continuous schedule.

Question 14

peak shift effect

Answer 14

Following discrimination training, the peak of a generalization gradient will shift from the SD to a stimulus that is further removed from the SΔ.

Question 15

positive contrast effect

Answer 15

The process whereby a decrease in rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple schedule produces an increase in the rate of response on the other component.

Question 16

resistance to extinction

Answer 16

The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented.

Question 17

resurgence

Answer 17

The reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement.

Question 18

spontaneous recovery

Answer 18

The reappearance of an extinguished response following a rest period after extinction.

Question 19

stimulus control

Answer 19

A situation in which the presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of a behavior.

Question 20

stimulus discrimination

Answer 20

In operant conditioning, the tendency for an operant response to be emitted more in the presence of one stimulus than another.