Ch 8 Environmental Considerations

Question 1

A rising or incoming tide is called a?

Answer 1

Flood tide

Question 2

a falling or outgoing

tide is called an

Answer 2

Ebb tide

Question 3

Explain Deciduous Forests

Answer 3

These are found in semitropical zones where there are

both wet and dry seasons.

Question 4

Mangrove Swamps are found?

Answer 4

These are found in coastal areas wherever tides
influence water flow. The mangrove is a shrub-like tree which grows 1 to 5 meters
high.

Question 5

Palm swamps are found?

Answer 5

These exist in both saltwater and freshwater areas. Like
movement in the mangrove swamps, movement through palm swamps is mostly
restricted to foot (sometimes small boats).

Question 6

Wet cold temperatures are?

Answer 6

temperatures range from 20 to 40 degrees
Fahrenheit with short periods of lower temperatures. Snow remains on the ground
for only short periods. There is much humidity and precipitation, fog, rain, and
snow. The ground alternately freezes and thaws and is generally wet and muddy.

Question 7

Heavy winter temperatures are?

Answer 7

temperatures average from 25 degrees
F down to 5 degrees. Occasionally, temperatures are much lower. There is
moderate snowfall remaining on the ground for extended periods. The ground
generally remains frozen.

Question 8

Arctic dry cold temperatures are?

Answer 8

temperatures range from 0 to -40
degrees F. There is a moderate, dry snowfall with depths to 4 or 5 feet and drifts
much deeper. The ground is deeply frozen. Streams and rivers are frozen.

Question 9

Wicking Layer.

Answer 9

This layer soaks up the body moisture and draws it
away from the body to keep it dry. Significant progress has been made with such
synthetics as polypropylene

Question 10

Insulating Layer

Answer 10

This is the layer that holds the warm air around the
body. Preferably, it is made of polyester pile, but wool is adequate. Although wool
is a good insulator, it is heavy and bulky.

Question 11

Protective Layer

Answer 11

This not only protects the insulating layer from
getting dirty but also from getting wet. It should be made of wind resistant and
water repellent material.

Question 12

Skijoring is the term for

Answer 12

moving troops on skis by towing them

with vehicles.

Question 13

Biological Warfare Agents are defined as?

Answer 13

as a microorganism
that causes disease or deterioration of material. Biological agents are generally directed
against the respiratory system to maximize the organism’s ability to diffuse directly into the
bloodstream and bodily tissue.

Question 14

Biological warfare agents may be classified into two broad groups?

Answer 14

pathogens and

toxins.

Question 15

Pathogens?

Answer 15

Pathogens—microorganisms that produce disease in humans, animals, and/or
plants (e.g., protozoa, fungi, bacteria, rickettsia, and viruses).

Question 16

Toxins?

Answer 16

any toxic substance that can be produced by a living organism.

Question 17

cal warfare (CW) agents produce what type of effects?

Answer 17

both immediate and
delayed effects that will degrade operations through lethal, incapacitating, or other damaging
effects to individuals as well as contamination of equipment, supplies, and critical terrain
features. The types of chemical warfare agents that could be encountered by forces are
classified as lethal and incapacitating

Question 18

Nuclear effects are divided into how many categories?

Answer 18

Nuclear effects are divided into four categories: blast/overpressure,
heat and light (thermal radiation), radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron), and
electromagnetic pulse (EMP).