Ch 8: Emotions

Question 1

emotional intelligence (246)

Answer 1

“Daniel Goldman (1995) coined the term emotional intelligence to describe the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions and to be sensitive to others’ feelings”.

-claims that success in the world depends greatly on E.I.

Question 2

What are emotions? (247-252)

Answer 2

• physiological changes (248)
• nonverbal reactions (248-249)
• cognitive interpretations (250)
• verbal expression (250-252)

Question 3

“flooding” (248)

Answer 3

what marriage researcher John Gottman calls the condition of physiological changes within the body such as increased heart rate for fear

-strong emotions = bodily changes

Question 4

emoting under the influence (249)

Answer 4

“alcohol is an “emotion-enhancer””

Question 5

fake it ‘til you feel it (249)

Answer 5

“As behavior scientists like to say, it is easier to act yourself into new ways of feeling than to feel yourself into new ways of acting” (249).

Question 6

verbal expression (250-252)

Answer 6

“John Gottman and his associates (1997) identified two distinct parenting styles, “emotion coaching” and “emotion dismissing” (252).

Question 7

Influences on Emotional Expression (252-257)

Answer 7

• personality (252)
• culture (252-255)
• gender (255)
• social conventions & roles (255-256)
• fear of self-disclosure (257)
• emotional contagion (257)

Question 8

emotion labor (256)

Answer 8

“Researchers use the term emotion labor to describe situations in which managing and even suppressing emotions is both appropriate and necessary. Studies show that emotion labor is an important component of many if not most occupations (see the At Work box on page 254 for specific examples)” (256).

-ability to express emotions and capacity to recognize them withers away if not practiced

Question 9

emotional contagion (257)

Answer 9

“the process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another (Dasborough et al., 2009; Hatfield et al., 1994)” (257).

-emotions are “infectious”

Question 10

Guidelines for Expressing Emotions (258-263)

Answer 10

• recognize your feelings (258-259)
• choose the best language (259-261)
• share multiple feelings (261)
• recognize the difference between feeling & acting (262)
• accept responsibility for your feelings (262)
• choose the best time and place to express your feelings (262-263)

Question 11

Managing Difficult Emotions (263-274)

Answer 11

• facilitative & debilitative emotions (263-264)
• thoughts cause feelings (264-266)
• irrational thinking & debilitative emotions (266-271)
• minimizing debilitative emotions (271-274)

Question 12

facilitative emotions (263)

Answer 12

emotions that contribute to effective functioning

Question 13

communication apprehension (263)

Answer 13

feelings of anxiety that plague some people at the prospect of communicating in an unfamiliar or difficult context

• “classic example of debilitative emotion”
• ie, giving a speech, meeting strangers, or interviewing for a job

Question 14

debilitative emotions (263)

Answer 14

emotions of high intensity and long duration that prevent a person from functioning effectively

Distinctions:

• intensity
• duration

Question 15

rumination (264)

Answer 15

recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment

ie, dwelling

Question 16

self-talk (266)

Answer 16

the nonvocal, internal monologue that is our process of thinking

Question 17

fallacy of perfection (266)

Answer 17

the irrational belief that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill

Question 18

fallacy of approval (267)

Answer 18

the irrational belief that it is vital to win the approval of virtually every person with whom a communicator interacts

• a healthy balance is important
• “The point is that the price is too high if you must abandon your own needs and principles in order to gain this acceptance” (267).

Question 19

fallacy of should (267-268)

Answer 19

the irrational belief that people should behave in the most desirable way

Question 20

fallacy of overgeneralization (268-269)

Answer 20

irrational beliefs in which (1) conclusions (usually negative) are based on limited evidence or (2) communicators exaggerate their shortcomings

Question 21

fallacy of causation (269-270)

Answer 21

the irrational belief that emotions are caused by others and not by the person who has them

Question 22

fallacy of helplessness (270-271)

Answer 22

the irrational belief that satisfaction in life is determined by forces beyond one’s control

Question 23

fallacy of catastrophic expectations (271)

Answer 23

the irrational belief that the worst possible outcome will probably occur

Question 24

Minimizing Debilitative Emotions (271-274)

Answer 24

• monitor your emotional reactions (271-272)
• note the activating event (272)
• record your self-talk (272-273)
• dispute your irrational beliefs (273-274)

Question 25

reappraisal (273)

Answer 25

rethinking the meaning of emotionally charged events in ways that alter their emotional impact

-“vastly superior to suppressing one’s feelings… leads to lower stress and increased productivity” (273)