Ch. 8 Cognitive Development in Childhood

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

thinking, decision making, and memory

cannot be directly observed

Question 2

the Conservation Task

Answer 2

three beakers and water problem

younger children generally say that the tall beaker holds more liquid

Question 3

Piaget’s stage theory

Answer 3

preoperational and concrete operational

Question 4

Operation

Answer 4

An internalized mental action that is part of an organized structure

Question 5

Pre-operational Stage

Answer 5

Ages 2-7
Burst of language & use of symbols
Lack of operational (logical) thought

Question 6

Identity Constancy

Answer 6

inability to understand a persons identity stays the same despite changes in appearance
limitation of the preoperational mind

Question 7

Animism

Answer 7

limitation of the preoperational mind

believe inanimate objects are alive

Question 8

Seriation

Answer 8

limitation of the preoperational mind

struggle to sort similar objects

Question 9

Artificialism

Answer 9

limitation of the preoperational mind

believe humans made everything

Question 10

Egocentrism

Answer 10

limitation of the preoperational mind

inability to take another persons point of view

Question 11

Concrete operational stage

Answer 11

ages 7-11
ability to mentally act upon concrete and tangible objects and situations
can problem solve
difficulty thing about hypothetical, abstract situations

Question 12

Vygotskys theory

Answer 12

proposes that action influences cognition and dialogue promotes growth
play is critical for cognitive development

Question 13

Benefits of play

Answer 13

child can act out in ways not actually possible
play contains rules to be followed
nurtured higher order thinking

Question 14

Principles of cognitive development

Answer 14

children construct the content of their minds through social interaction
activity generates thinking
development requires the use of dialectic exchanges

Question 15

Zone of proximal development

Answer 15

differentiation of actual and potential development

what a child can do alone vs with a parent or peer

Question 16

Theory of Mind

Answer 16

~age 5
ability to attribute beliefs, desires, etc to oneself and to others
not mastered by everyone
more sophisticated lying is possible

Question 17

Dyslexia

Answer 17

good at language comprehension but struggle with word recognition

Question 18

Comprehension deficit

Answer 18

good at word recognition but struggle with language comprehension

Question 19

Mixed reading disability

Answer 19

issue with both word recognition and language comprehension