Ch. 8 Cognitive Development in Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

cognition

A

thinking, decision making, and memory

cannot be directly observed

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2
Q

the Conservation Task

A

three beakers and water problem

younger children generally say that the tall beaker holds more liquid

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3
Q

Piaget’s stage theory

A

preoperational and concrete operational

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4
Q

Operation

A

An internalized mental action that is part of an organized structure

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5
Q

Pre-operational Stage

A

Ages 2-7
Burst of language & use of symbols
Lack of operational (logical) thought

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6
Q

Identity Constancy

A

inability to understand a persons identity stays the same despite changes in appearance
limitation of the preoperational mind

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7
Q

Animism

A

limitation of the preoperational mind

believe inanimate objects are alive

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8
Q

Seriation

A

limitation of the preoperational mind

struggle to sort similar objects

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9
Q

Artificialism

A

limitation of the preoperational mind

believe humans made everything

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10
Q

Egocentrism

A

limitation of the preoperational mind

inability to take another persons point of view

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11
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

ages 7-11
ability to mentally act upon concrete and tangible objects and situations
can problem solve
difficulty thing about hypothetical, abstract situations

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12
Q

Vygotskys theory

A

proposes that action influences cognition and dialogue promotes growth
play is critical for cognitive development

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13
Q

Benefits of play

A

child can act out in ways not actually possible
play contains rules to be followed
nurtured higher order thinking

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14
Q

Principles of cognitive development

A

children construct the content of their minds through social interaction
activity generates thinking
development requires the use of dialectic exchanges

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15
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

differentiation of actual and potential development

what a child can do alone vs with a parent or peer

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16
Q

Theory of Mind

A

~age 5
ability to attribute beliefs, desires, etc to oneself and to others
not mastered by everyone
more sophisticated lying is possible

17
Q

Dyslexia

A

good at language comprehension but struggle with word recognition

18
Q

Comprehension deficit

A

good at word recognition but struggle with language comprehension

19
Q

Mixed reading disability

A

issue with both word recognition and language comprehension