Ch 8 Activty Nd Nutrition Fir Body Comp Etc

Question 1

Body composition in older adults
•Body composition and body fat
•Body composition: fat, bone, and lean mass
•The use of DEXA to measure body composition

Evaluation of weight status and body composition changes with aging
•Body composition and related diseases
•Physical activity and nutrition: effects on body composition
•Nutrition plays a key role in the health of older adults, one of the most notable factors is body fat

Know chart for test

Body composition, physical function, and risk for physical disability
•Physical disability
•Changes on body composition components affecting activities of daily living
•The three-component model of body composition—framework to evaluate the risk of physical disability

Body composition, physical function, and risk for physical disability (cont.)
•Sarcopenic obesity
•Excess body fat and inadequate _____
•Sarcopenic obesity: reduction in physical function and leads to _____

Reasons for change in body composition with age
•Decrease in muscle mass
•Decrease \_\_\_\_\_metabolic rate
•Loss of bone mass
•Decline in \_\_\_\_ function
•Reduced senses, specifically \_\_\_\_\_\_
•Dental issues: tooth decay, dry mouth
•Declines in organ function specifically \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ mechanism
•Changes in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function

______: definition and importance for successful aging
•Muscle strength normalized to muscle mass
•Ideal measurement of muscle quality (imaging techniques)
–_____,_____
•Aging, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles—changes in muscle composition and quality
•___-approach to obtaining indicators of muscle quality

Answer 1

.muscle mass, frailty, resting

Immune, taste and smell,

Kidney, thirst, gastrointestinal,

Muscle quality, MRI, CT,

DXA

Question 2

Strategies for older adults to obtain a healthy body composition
•Physical activity and nutrition
•Bone Health
•Healthy body composition: _____, physical activity, and nutrition
•The “____” concept (fat, bone and lean mass)

Osteoperosis
•Common risk factors
•Includes both _____ components and nutrition
•More than just eating enough calcium rich foods!

3 tables

Hormones
•Hormonal changes
–Normal changes, clinical abnormalities
•\_\_\_\_\_\_, estrogen, and testosterone
•Hormone therapy for body composition
–Common side effects
•Hormone evaluation and potential therapy

Nutrition
•Nutrition recommendations from a variety of sources
–_____, IOM, ____, USDA

•Recommendations are still based for relatively healthy persons despite the fact that doesn’t fit most older adult’s needs

Poor Nutrition: An all too frequent occurrence in older adults
•Causes of poor nutrition
–P
–P
–S\_\_\_\_\_\_
–F\_\_\_\_\_\_

Physiological changes
•Physiological changes that affect food intake
•Decline in ______
•______ health

Answer 2

hormones. Three legged stool,

Physical activity, growth hormone,

FNB, HHS, physiological, psychological, social,

financial , smell and taste, oral

Question 3

Physiological Changes:
•Changes in appetite-regulating hormones
•\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (CCK)
•CCK – feeling of fullness
•it\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than in younger adults

• Changes in GI function during digestion
• reduced intestinal absorption of ______
• Increased ______ issues

Nutrition: Most common deficiencies in older adults
•_______
•___ – Plant parts that can’t be digested
–Recommendation ___g/day
– no calories
–Soluble and Insoluble
–Recommendation for fiber _____with age but typically consumption decreases

Cont.
•______
–Many older adults don’t consume the correct amount of calories
–Either over or way under
–If consuming over, often times are not____ foods
–This makes sufficient nutrient consumption difficult

Nutrient Deficiencies (con’t)
•Protein
–Necessary for forming body tissues
–_____
–Insufficient consumption with older age may lead to accelerated _______
– Insufficient consumption Can increase risk of ___

Nutrient Deficiencies cont.
•Calcium
–Maintain strong bones
–Needed for\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ function
–Insufficient calcium may contribute or worsen osteoperosis

Answer 3

cholesystokinen. Elevates quicker

Carbs proteins and dietary lipids ,

Constipation, carbs, fiber, 35, goes up

Calories, nutrient dense, immune system

Muscle mass loss, infection, blood clotting

Nervous system,

Question 4

Nutrition Deficiencies cont.
•______
–Mineral found in meat, seafood, whole grains
–More than _____of older adults are deficient
–Primarily due to _______
–Deficiencies contribute to ______

Nutrition Deficiencies cont.
•\_\_\_\_
–Best source if \_\_\_\_ meat
–Most common source is \_\_\_\_\_ foods
–Commonly deficient when not consuming enough \_\_\_\_\_\_foods
–May become deficient from conditions like\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
–Excessive \_\_\_\_\_\_ use
-\_\_\_\_\_\_drugs

Nutrition Deficiencies cont.
•______ vitamins
•Many vitamins are natural antioxidants, can help slow ______ process
•Often times either not sufficiently consumed or not well absorped

Nutrition Deficiencies cont.
•Water
•Dehydration a frequent cause for hospitalization for the ____
•Thirst mechanism becomes imprecise
•Ability for kidney to retain _____
•Lower amounts of total body water
•May cause many side effects including: confusion, inability to tolerate ____ change, fatigue, headache, weakness, dizziness

Nutrition and Prediabetes/ Diabetes Type II
•Avoid over abundance of \_\_\_\_
•Avoid fried or overly\_\_\_\_\_
•Monitor serving size, especially\_\_\_\_
•Monitor \_\_\_\_ of carbs

Answer 4

.zinc, 90%, Poor absorption,

Lack of appetite and loss of taste

Iron, organic?, fortified?, variety of,

Ulcers or hemorrhoids , antacid, arthritis

B,C,Ds , oxidation, 65+, fluid decreases

Temperature, sugar, salted foods,

Carbs, Types

Question 5

Weight loss in older adults
•Weight management: there is ____well-defined “best practice”
•The public health problem of obesity
•the complexity of the typical solution for obesity in older adults

Body composition changes during weight loss in older adults
•The interrelation of the main components of body composition in older adults
•The paradox: the reduction in fat mass (especially from poorly regulated diet) that reduces the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases may increase the risk of____&_____

Recommended strategies for weight loss
•Therapeutic options: _____, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle and behavior modifications
•The Obesity Society and the American Society for Nutrition: caloric restriction
•Regular exercise: important to maintaining weight loss and prevent weight regain
•Exercise recommendations for weight loss programs

Summary
•All components of body composition (fat, bone, and lean mass) are influenced by three main factors: _____, physical activity, and nutrition
•Habitual physical activity can reduce feelings of fatigue, thereby giving more vigor for physical activity, resulting in a “positive behavior cycle”
•Exercise and optimal nutrition are needed for an older adult to lose weight safely

Answer 5

.no, osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Surgery, hormones,