Ch 1 Hnderstanding Human Aging Flashcards
Definitions of age and the aging process •Chronological age •Biological age •Psychological age •Social age
Chronological age
•Length of _____ or passage of calendar ____
•Human aging—important to consider a broader perspective
•The way we typically think of age, ex: She is 67 chronological years old
Biological age
•Age-related changes in _____ or _____ processes
•Biological age assessment
•Little consensus
Psychological age
•Age-related changes in ______ or_____ functioning
•assessment of psychological aging
Social age
•_____ roles and _____
•No consensus
Biological theories of aging
•Large number of theories have been proposed
•Increasingly likely that aging is not caused by a single mechanism
Biological Theories of Aging Categories •Why do we age? •What causes aging? •Various types and classifications of aging theories aim to answer these questions •Divide various gaining theories into categories – Cellular theories of aging – Genetic theories of aging – Control theories of aging
Cellular theories of aging •Degenerative changes that occur at the microscopic level of analysis •Two theories – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ – \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
.time 2X
Biological or physiological,
Mental or cognitive,
Social, expectations,
Free radicals oxidation, and cross links
Cellular Theories of Aging:Free Radicals
•Free Radical; molecule with unpaired _____
•Mixed function oxidases ____ neutralize ____
•In healthy individuals balance is maintained between free radicals and a series of mixed function oxidases enzymes
•In aging the _____is disrupted
Cellular Theories of Aging: Cross Links
•Cross Links – continuation of free radical theory
•Cross Links- bonding together of adjacent molecules _____their configuration
•Free radical reactions can effectively lead to cross linking of cells which can lead to cell damage and even cell ____
Genetic theories of aging •Age-related changes can be attributed to genetic mechanisms •Medvedev –\_\_\_\_\_\_mutations •“Hayflick limit” –\_\_\_\_\_\_ Mutations •Olovnikov –\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Genetic Theories: Random Mutations
•Russian scientist ______ proposed that aging occurs as a result of DNA destruction
•This DNA destruction is caused by random mutations in the DNA sequencing
•This process leads to the progressive destruction of DNA
Genetic Theories: Hayflick Limit
•Genetic code has a _______ purposeful sequence of events
•Not _____
•Cell death is part of the genetic control sequence
•Finite limit for cells to reproduce
•Cells age in an _______programmed manner
.electron, enzymes, free radicals
Balance, altering, death, random
Planned, telomere
Medvedev, preprogrammed, random, orderly
Genetic Theories: Telomeres
- Telomere: region of ______at the end of the chromosome
- Telomere protects the chromosome from _____
- ______ is systematic shortening of telomeres
- Prevents cell from being able to ______
Control Theories of Aging
•Function of specific physiologic systems known to be vital for controlling our bodies’ ability to respond to _____
–____-cell activity
–Major _______ complex (MHC)
Control Theories of Aging: T-cell Activity
•______ in T-cell activity with age
•More susceptible to ______
•Also, with age more susceptible to_____ diseases
Control Theories of Aging: Major Histocompatibility Complex
•MHC = complex series of genes that make up the principal genetic control of the______
•MHC identifies and rejects _____tissue and invading _____ in the body
•Also involved in the process of mixed function _____ to protect against free radicals
•MHC ______ deteriorates with age
repetitive DNA. Deterioration,
Aging, reproduce, stressors,
T, Histocompatability
Decline, disease, autoimmune
Immune system, tissue, germs,
Oxidases, integrity
Successful aging
•The rate and the extent of ______decline: differences between individuals
- Benefits of _____ activity for the individual persons
- ______benefits of promoting physically active lifestyles among older person
Categories of Benefits from Physical Activity
•Benefits for the individual and for society
•Long term v. immediate effects
•Benefits for the individual 3 categories;
–Physiological
–Psychological
–Social
Department of Health& Human Services •More active persons have: •Decrease rate of \_\_\_\_mortality •Coronary heart disease •High blood pressure •Stroke •Type 2 diabetes •Metabolic \_\_\_\_\_ •Colon and \_\_\_\_\_cancer •Depression Increased Cardiorespiratory health •Increased Muscular fitness •Healthier body comp •Improved biomarkers of disease and \_\_\_\_\_health
Key Points
•Defining aging requires a broad perspective of chronological, biological, psychological, and social aspects.
•Aging is a complex process in which multiple biological mechanisms are acting at the molecular, cellular, and system levels. It makes difficult to identify a single unified theory of biological aging.
•Large scientific evidence links physical activity participation to successful_____
functional.
Physical , societal ,
All cause, syndrome, breast,bone
Aging
